Abstract:This study aims to investigate the effect of stocking rate on forage availability (vegetation cover (VC) and forage mass (FM)) and the growth performance of pure hair goat kids (Capra hircus L.) in Mediterranean Kermes oak shrublands. Two villages that had the same ecological conditions but where the presence of pure hair goats did or did not exceed the grazing capacity were selected specifically within this scope. The birth weight (BW) and the daily live weight gain at 90 days (DLWG at 90 days) of pure hair g… Show more
“…At this point, the damage that they cause to young saplings comes to the forefront. It is reported that young saplings have deformations and structural defects in forestry due to the effect of climbing of ruminants and this situation inhibits the growth of saplings (Türkoğlu et al, 2016). Uncontrolled goat grazing is reported to have negative effects on forest regeneration and maquis in the Mediterranean region, where the growth of most saplings is typically slow because of the undesirable impact of ungulates (Lovreglio et al, 2014;San Francisco Estuary Institute [SFEI], 2020).…”
The study was conducted to comparatively investigate the browsing levels of Honamlı, Hair and Saanen goats on saplings in a new forest plantation site for six months. Several treatments (fishing net, shading, food colouring and raffia) were applied to saplings. Thirty two-year-old goats, including 10 animals for each breed were used. There was a statistically significant difference among the breeds in terms of their browsing on untreated saplings (p < 0.05). While the effect of measurement month was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both all treated saplings and untreated saplings, the observation time did not have a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05), except for saplings treated with shading. The maximum browsing was observed in saplings treated with raffia (89.28%), which was followed by those treated with food colouring (75.79%) and fishing nets (75.39%), respectively. Additionally, the damage rate of the saplings with shading (17.85%), in particular, was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the other treated saplings. It was thought that the results of this study would contribute to the issue of goats, saplings and forests from a different viewpoint. Considering that forests and goats are not alternatives to each other, evaluating goats as a part of the ecosystem will be useful in solving this problem.
“…At this point, the damage that they cause to young saplings comes to the forefront. It is reported that young saplings have deformations and structural defects in forestry due to the effect of climbing of ruminants and this situation inhibits the growth of saplings (Türkoğlu et al, 2016). Uncontrolled goat grazing is reported to have negative effects on forest regeneration and maquis in the Mediterranean region, where the growth of most saplings is typically slow because of the undesirable impact of ungulates (Lovreglio et al, 2014;San Francisco Estuary Institute [SFEI], 2020).…”
The study was conducted to comparatively investigate the browsing levels of Honamlı, Hair and Saanen goats on saplings in a new forest plantation site for six months. Several treatments (fishing net, shading, food colouring and raffia) were applied to saplings. Thirty two-year-old goats, including 10 animals for each breed were used. There was a statistically significant difference among the breeds in terms of their browsing on untreated saplings (p < 0.05). While the effect of measurement month was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both all treated saplings and untreated saplings, the observation time did not have a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05), except for saplings treated with shading. The maximum browsing was observed in saplings treated with raffia (89.28%), which was followed by those treated with food colouring (75.79%) and fishing nets (75.39%), respectively. Additionally, the damage rate of the saplings with shading (17.85%), in particular, was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the other treated saplings. It was thought that the results of this study would contribute to the issue of goats, saplings and forests from a different viewpoint. Considering that forests and goats are not alternatives to each other, evaluating goats as a part of the ecosystem will be useful in solving this problem.
“…It can be considered that it is an important source of roughage for goats, especially if the pasture areas of sufficient quality and quantity are limited. Türkoğlu et al (33) reported that there is a very strong positive relationship between growth performance of grazing hair goats and the feed mass of the kermes oak. Kamalak et al (13) reported that oak leaves are rich in CP, CA, NDF, ADF and condensed tannin.…”
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), nutrient content, cell wall components, total and condensed tannin content of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) which is the main feed source for goat herds. Kermes oak was exemplified in 3 different stations during a year (12 months). Sampling was made to include leaves, some branches, acorns and young shoots, if any based on season, which were consumed by the goats. The amount of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), total tannin and condensed tannin content, and IVDMD (by using two-stage technique) were determined on the samples (12 × 3 = 36). Crude protein values were not statistically significant in terms of seasonal averages. On the other hand, it was found that the CF in spring and summer was significantly lower than the CF in winter (P<0.05) and the highest EE during the year was in the autumn (P<0.05). IVDMD of winter season was significantly lower than summer and autumn. (P<0.05). In terms of total tannin content, it was revealed that autumn was significantly lower than winter and spring (P<0.05). It was concluded that the nutritional values and IVDMD of kermes oak were low in the winter season.
Mediterranean pastoral systems are providers of a wide array of Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP). They are ‘complex systems’ characterized by limited resources and socio-economic dynamics currently threatened by climate and social changes. Despite a growing number of scientific articles dealing with NCP, there is a high risk that the existing literature has left out the complexity of such systems. In the light of ongoing social, economic, and climatic changes in the Mediterranean basin, neglecting the complexity of pastoral systems can lead to significant research biases, missing the priorities affecting the stability and continuity of such systems. A combination of frameworks of analysis provided by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services was applied to understand if and to what extent the complexity of Mediterranean pastoral systems has been considered in the available literature. Most of the 126 papers report studies conducted in the European Union zone (102 papers), with the majority in Spain (50). Fewer studies have been conducted in the Middle East (15 papers) and Africa zones (9 papers). Despite results confirming the importance of pastoral systems as providers of NCP, most of the eligible papers focused on regulating NCP. A lack of a multisectoral approach and integration of knowledge suggests that the complexity of Mediterranean pastoral systems has been overlooked by researchers. The creation of ‘hybrid knowledge’ bridging the expertise of different stakeholders could be the key ingredient to properly address the complexity of Mediterranean pastoral systems.
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