Effect of Solvents on Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.) Extracts

Abstract

Cardiospermum L. is a genus belonging to Sapindaceae family. It comprises about 17 species of herbs, vines distributed in the tropical regions of the earth. 15 Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) is an herbaceous climber from Sapindaceae family. It is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malacca, Africa and America. It is one such plant which is traditionally used in Ayurvedic and folk medicines. 16 This plant is known to possess various biological and pharmacological properties. Various studies have shown the antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, vasodepressant, anti-inflammatory properties of this plant. It is commonly used for treating arthritis, rheumatism, limbs stiffness, diabetes, lumbago, earache, fever. 17,18 It is the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of leaves, seeds, roots of this plant which contributes for the activities. 19,20 Various pharmacological properties of the phytoconstituents of this plant has been studied. Several chemical constituents such as i.e., apigenin, apigenin-7-Oglucuronide, chrysoeriol-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide rutin, and β-arachidic acid 21 have ABSTRACT Background: Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) is a common medicinal herb found in India and other Asian countries. It has various medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, pain relief, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anticancer etc. It is commonly used for treating diabetes, arthritis, limbs stiffness, rheumatism, lumbago, earache, fever. Type of solvent and polarity intensively affects the antioxidant activity of the extracts due to the solubility of the phytocompounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids in various solvents. Materials and Methods: In this study, different solvents like, ethanol, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether were used for the extraction of C. halicacabum. Cold maceration method was followed for extraction. The crude extracts were screened preliminary and then confirmed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of each extract. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was used for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of different crude extracts of C. halicacabum. Results: The results showed that there is significant influence of solvent type in preserving various phytocompounds of the C. halicacabum leaves extract. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of different crude extracts was in the order of ethanol > methanol > petroleum ether > chloroform extract.

Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling and Antioxidant Capacities of Different Solvent Crude Extracts of Ephedra foeminea

“…Therefore, we subjected the different solvent crude extracts to extensive chemical analysis and metabolomics study using GC–MS, LC–MS, and NMR instruments. Many studies have reported the impact of different solvents on the content of secondary metabolites and/or their antioxidant activity [ 10 , 11 , 38 ]. NMR spectroscopy offers a potent and versatile analytical platform that has been widely used for molecular identification and quantification [ 17 ].…”

“…This supports our previous findings. Several of the identified amino acids have previously been reported to possess protective antioxidant and radical scavenging abilities, including valine, serine, leucine, proline, threonine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring non-protein amino acid [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Our analysis also identified several polyols with antioxidant capabilities; mannitol, myo-inositol, and meso-erythritol, all of which have not yet been reported in Ephedra species, to the best of our knowledge.…”

Molecular Study of Acalypha indica to Leptin, Alpha Glucosidase, and its Antihyperglycemic Effect on Alpha Glucosidase

“…Differences of compounds found among the extracts are caused by the polarity of the solvent and solubility of the samples. [20][21][22] Phytochemistry screening of Ai extract in this study showed that Ai contain flavonoid in ethanol and ethyl acetate extract, but not in n-Hexane extract, due to the flavonoid polarity to ethanol and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test showed that triterpenoid was found in three extracts, flavonoid and tannin found in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts.…”

Composición fitoquímica y actividad antioxidante en tres variedades de albahaca por efecto de distintos solventes

“…Cabe destacar que la variedad de albahaca Red Rubin posee características distintas con relación a las otras dos variedades tales como su pigmentación, y la cantidad de metabolitos secundarios que posee (Ramírez et al, 2019). En el estudio realizado por Dowlath et al (2020) se reportó que no encontraron diferencias significativas entre los solventes de extracción éter de petróleo y cloroformo cuando analizaron los compuestos antioxidantes (CFT y AA) de Cardiospermum halicacabum: sin embargo, estos solventes tuvieron una diferencia significativa con respecto al solvente etanol en la medición de capacidad antioxidante por el método de DPPH. Los hallazgos coinciden con los obtenidos en este experimento ya que el solvente con mayor eficiencia para eliminación de radicales libres fue el etanol y metanol (Dowlath et al, 2020).…”