Effect of sodium chloride on the nucleation and polymorphic transformation of glycine

Supersaturation dependence of glycine polymorphism using laser-induced nucleation, sonocrystallization and nucleation by mechanical shock

“…19 The powder was analysed using powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD, Bruker D2 PHASER) or attenuated total-reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR, Perkin Elmer UATR Two) to determine the polymorph obtained (see ESI † for details). 13 Samples were counted as follows: N was the number of solutions exposed, n was the total number of samples nucleated, and n g was the number of samples giving only g-glycine. The fraction of samples that nucleated was calculated as f = n/N, and the fraction of samples that nucleated g-glycine only was calculated as f g = n g /n.…”

“…9 Molecular dynamics studies indicate that pair interactions tend to favour open dimers rather than cyclic dimers. 10,11 Modification of solution conditions such as pH, 8,12 or additives such as salts, 13,14 have been used to bias the probability of crystallization of a specific polymorph of glycine. The mechanism of action of these additives has been ascribed to ion speciation in solution, and inhibition of growth at specific crystal faces that favour one polymorph over another.…”

“…8,[15][16][17] Studies have shown that transformation from the a to g forms can take place within about one day in aqueous solution, and that this can be accelerated by additives such as D 2 O and NaCl. 13,18 Therefore, care is required to identify and isolate products quickly after nucleation. 19 External fields have been shown to bias nucleation of glycine.…”

A Study on the Growth and Characterization of a SemiOrganic Non-Linear Optical Glycine Sodium Chloride Single Crystal

“…It is clear that the powder XRD pattern of the crystal remained the same except intensity level of the characteristic peak at 25.3 A as reported in refs. [5][6][7]. The XRD pattern peaks are also coincided with the JCPDS file PDF#060230 and the structure of γ-glycine sodium chloride crystal is hexagonal.…”

Application of Taylor Vortex to Crystallization

“…Therefore, the various steps of the crystallization process, such as nucleation, growth, agglomeration/aggregation, and phase transformation, have all been extensively studied as they directly dictate the characteristics of the crystallization products, including the crystal size, distribution, shape, structure, and purity (Mullin, 2004). As a result, many key parameters controlling the crystallization process have already been elucidated, where the hydrodynamic conditions are considered the most prevailing parameter for most crystallization processes of nucleation, growth, agglomeration/breakage, and phase transformation (Karpinski, 1985;Sung et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2004;Mullin, 2004;Yang et al, 2008;Kang et al, 2010). It is already well known that primary nucleation is sometimes stimulated by agitation, plus agitation also promotes secondary nucleation.…”