In this paper, we optimize the stack of a 90-nm CMOS-friendly W\Al 2 O 3 \Cu conductive-bridging random access memory cell integrated in the one-transistor/one-resistor configuration. We show that the excellent Cu buffering properties of a TiW layer inserted at the Al 2 O 3 \Cu interface make it possible, on one hand, to ensure cell integrity after back-endof-line processing at 400°C and, on the other, to obtain excellent memory performances. After optimization of the Al 2 O 3 layer thickness, the cell exhibits highly controlled set and reset operations, a large memory window, fast pulse programming (10 ns) at low voltage (<3 V), and low-current (10 µA), and multilevel operation. Finally, 10 6 cycles of write endurance lifetime with up to a three-decade memory window is demonstrated, and state stability is assessed up to 125°C.Index Terms-Conductive bridging, conductive-bridging random access memory, electrochemical memory cell (ECM), high-performance memory, low-power memory, thermal stability.
Solvent-based synthetic methods of fullerene nano/microstructures are known to enhance and utilize unique optical and electrical properties of fullerene structures. Here, we report the systematic synthesis and characterization of various-shaped fullerene microcrystals using alcohols as antisolvents in drowning-out crystallization. The microcrystals are formed in one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures depending on the alcohol type, and the size and shape of the microcrystals are also varied by the C 60 concentration and the volume ratio of the solvents. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate that the crystalline structures differ from the chain lengths of alcohols. It is suggested that the formation mechanisms are driven by supersaturation related to the C 60 solubility in alcohols. This crystallization could allow for production of C 60 microcrystals with the desired shape and crystalline structure, leading to potential applications in optoelectronics and photoconducting devices.
P. gingivalis is a major pathogen that is involved in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. This study investigated the effect of resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, on P. gingivalis LPS-accelerated vascular inflammation, a key step in the progression of periodontitis. Resveratrol significantly inhibited the P. gingivalis LPS-induced adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells and to the aortic endothelium by down-regulating the cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Moreover, the inhibition of the P. gingivalis LPS-induced cell adhesion molecules by resveratrol was mainly mediated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Resveratrol suppressed P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in HMECs. Overall, these findings suggest that resveratrol significantly attenuates the P. gingivalis LPS-induced monocyte adhesion to the endothelium by suppressing the expression of the NF-kappaB-dependent cell adhesion molecules, suggesting its therapeutic role in periodontal pathogen-induced vascular inflammation.
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