“…Different conditions in humans (1-3, 9, 13, 14) and experimental animals like rabbits (15), dogs (4, 6, 16), pigs (2, 17) and rats (5, 11) confirm the ESW injury on the renal parenchyma. Some factors can Table 1 produce contradictory results, including the sample size, different equipment with different energy principles, the number of impulses and the focus size (6). The present experimental model with a small animal such as a rat would show a proportionally larger area of the renal parenchyma affected by the shock wave in comparison to humans; however, a proportional dose of energy for lithotripsy (2,000 ESW) as used in humans was used.…”