Effect of Ratio in Ammonium Nitrate on the Structural, Microstructural, Magnetic, and AC Conductivity Properties of BaFe12O19

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of the ratio of ammonium nitrate (AN) on the structural, microstructural, magnetic, and alternating current (AC) conductivity properties of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). The BaFe12O19 were prepared by using the salt melt method. The samples were synthesized using different powder-to-salt weight ratio variations (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7) of BaCO3 + Fe2O3 and ammonium nitrate salt. The NH4NO3 was melted on a hot plate at 170 °C. A mixture of BaCO3 and Fe2O3 were added into the NH4NO3 melt solution and stirred for several hours using a magnetic stirrer under a controlled temperature of 170 °C. The heating temperature was then increased up to 260 °C for 24 hr to produce an ash powder. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show the intense peak of BaFe12O19 for all the samples and the presence of a small amount of the impurity Fe2O3 in the samples, at a ratio of 1:5 and 1:6. From the Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra, the band appears at 542.71 cm−1 and 432.48 cm−1, which corresponding to metal–oxygen bending and the vibration of the octahedral sites of BaFe12O19. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the grains of the samples appear to stick each other and agglomerate at different masses throughout the image with the grain size 5.26, 5.88, 6.14, 6.22, and 6.18 µm for the ratios 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7 respectively. From the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, the magnetic properties of the sample ratio at 1:3 show the highest value of coercivity Hc of 1317 Oe, a saturation magnetization Ms of 91 emu/g, and a remnant Mr of 44 emu/g, respectively. As the temperature rises, the AC conductivity is increases with an increase in frequency.

Effect of Sintering Temperatures on Structural, Magnetic and Microwave Properties of Barium Ferrites/Epoxy Composites

“…This indicates that the crystallinity of the samples rises with temperature increase. The similar trend also reported in previous reports [6]- [9]. The FWHM was decreased as the sintering temperature increased owing to the increase in the crystal size of the samples.…”

“…The much higher absorption is expected to occur at a much higher frequency due to a higher anisotropy field of BaFe 12 O 19 . At X-band (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) frequency, the barium ferrite shows the dielectric and magnetic permeability properties with low attenuation ability [13]. 7.…”

Magnetic Properties and Morphology Copper-Substituted Barium Hexaferrites from Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Synthesis

“…However, the results indicate that the effect of Cu doping on the magnetic properties of the barium hexaferrite needs more investigation. From various methods developed to synthesize and dope ferrites [ 1 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], the sol-gel auto-combustion method was selected in this research work to synthesize BaFe 12−x Cu x O 19 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) for its cost-effectiveness [ 27 ]. Magnetic properties of BaFe 12−x Cu x O 19 with Cu doping up to x = 0.5 were compared and correlated to their phase and morphology.…”

Magnetic, gas sensing properties, and structural parameters of barium–calcium hexaferrite synthesized by sol‐gel auto combustion method

“…[4] Barium ferrites play an important role in such applications as high-density recording media, ferro-fluids, catalysts, microwave devices, and gas sensors. There are various methods for the synthesis of hexaferrites including hydrothermal, [16] co-precipitation, [17] molten salt, [18] sol-gel, [19][20][21][22][23] selfcombustion sol-gel, [24][25][26][27] and solid-state reaction processes. [11,15,28] Among these, the self-combustion sol-gel method has the advantages of the product with high purity, small particle size, and high homogeneity, as well as the ability to control the chemical and phase composition.…”