Effect of Microalloying on Weld Cracking in Low Carbon Steels

Lazor, Robert; Graville, B. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-025368-8.50030-0

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Hence, these formulas are usually limited in a range of compositions that are included into the envelope of compositions used for their determination. The P cm value has been estimated as a better crack susceptibility index [11], but this remains a highly contentious subject as high P cm values are not necessarily associated to high crack susceptibility [21]. As none of the existing carbon equivalent formulas seems suitable to evaluate the critical preheat temperature required in weld metal steels to avoid cracking [11], the welding conditions can be converted into CEN increments to account for the welding conditions [22].…”

Section: Carbon Equivalentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implant test [21,25,27,28] investigates the cracking susceptibility of the only HAZ by loading a pre-placed implant over which a butt weld was deposited (Fig. 6), but the reproducibility of the implant location within the HAZ is difficult.…”

Section: Guidance For Crack Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simplest of these tests is the bending test [31][32][33]. More complicated but popular in the 80s, the implant test [21,25,[27][28][29][30] investigates the cracking characteristics of HAZ region, but its difficult reproducibility (such as implant location) and its unusual load field make it difficult to transfer the data to in-field applications.…”

Section: Intrinsic Vs Extrinsicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards the establishment of weldability test standards for hydrogen-assisted cold cracking

Kurji

Coniglio

2014

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Our depth of understanding on these points has matured significantly over time and, while there is not always universal agreement, it is at least possible to start highlighting factors important to standards. This paper examines these factors, including the welding parameters, restraint, hydrogen, and cracking index. When comparing different alloys having different thermal characteristics, the use of constant welding parameters (common practice) will result in variable weld penetration and weld pool shape, which can influence grain shape and microstructural features, which can result in inequitable weldability comparisons. Welding on test coupons having different dimensions can affect restraint, which will influence the residual stresses around the weldment. High restraint usually results in higher crack susceptibility. Also, hydrogen content present in a weldment depends on the thermal history, welding parameters, and surrounding atmosphere humidity, with high hydrogen contents associated to great cracking susceptibility. Finally, the selection of an appropriate cracking index is required for data analysis. Quantifications of crack length and minimum preheat temperature are common indexes used for comparison. Critical stress and hydrogen content are other indexes. But how well these indexes actually represent weldability are contentious issues. This paper will examine and quantify these issues in detail, thus providing the reader with an appreciation of all things that must be considered when preparing a standardized procedure for weldability testing.

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Section: Carbon Equivalentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guidance For Crack Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrinsic Vs Extrinsicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards the establishment of weldability test standards for hydrogen-assisted cold cracking

Kurji

Coniglio

2014

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…In the WIC testing, the critical preheat temperature to avoid cracking depends on the welding conditions and weld metal chemistry, but also on the misalignment of the two welded plates [2]. This test has been successful in comparing the HACC susceptibility of weld metals deposited by cellulosic Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) consumables [4, 27, 29-33] and the critical preheat values to avoid cracking in the WIC test are similar to those obtained in full-scale weldability testing of pipe welding [27]. The WIC test has been benchmarked as a procedure for developing in-field pipeline welding requirements [34].…”

Section: The Traditional Wic Weldability Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified WIC test: an efficient and effective tool for evaluating pipeline girth weldability

Kurji

Coniglio

Griggs

et al. 2017

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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The Welding Institute of Canada (WIC) test is a simple and standardised weldability test for hydrogen assisted cold cracking that was developed in the 80s. It has been extensively utilised by the industry to qualify safe welding envelopes but the difficult access to the weldment by instrumentation hinders its use for scientific research. Moreover the lack of repeatability arising from the traditional manual deposit and the short weld length causes industrial trials to have a low success rate. The present work proposes a modified geometry, referred to as the modified WIC (MWIC) test that shows: (1) an improved success rate of weld deposition, (2) an enhancement to instrument the weldment and (3) welding conditions in better accordance with the field pipeline girth welding conditions. The design is validated under a mechanised, shielded metal arc welding process with the cellulosic electrodes used for in-field pipeline construction.

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“…To satisfy the demand of high strength and excellent welding property, and reduce production costs, countries in the world have carried out many researches. Graville [3] had studied the relationship among cold crack sensitivity in heat affected zone, carbon content in steel and calculated carbon equivalent, and then suggested that carbon equivalent had very little effect on cold crack sensitivity when the carbon content in steel was less than 0.10 wt.%. It means that favorable welding property can be gained even when relatively high alloy content and carbon equivalent exist in steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Low Carbon Bainitic Steel

Xiao

Tan

et al. 2015

MSF

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Based on TMCP and UFC technology, the microstructures and mechanical properties of 0.05% C bainitic steel were studied in this paper. The bainite morphology and precipitation within bainite lath were observed by SEM and TEM, and the mechanical properties of bainitic steel were measured by tensile and impact test. The results showed that the yield and tensile strengths of steel were 713 MPa and 891 MPa respectively, and the elongation was 15.8% with impact energy of 95J at the temperature of-20°C as the final cooling temperature in hot rolling of 550°C. For comparison, the steel obtained the yield strength of 725 MPa, tensile strength of 930 MPa and elongation of 18% as the final cooling temperature of 450°C. However, the impact energy of steel was 195J at the temperature of-20°C. While at the same final cooling temperature of 450°C, the fast cooling-holding temperature-fast cooling was applied to experimental steel with a faster cooling rate of 50°C/s, hence the steel acquired the yield strength of 845 MPa, tensile strength of 1037 MPa, and elongation of 15.5% with impact energy of 168J at the temperature of-20°C. The strength and toughness of 0.05%C bainitic steel is related to the bainite morphology and precipitation distribution. Hence, the strength and toughness can be improved by control the different cooling processes for adjusting the content of lath bainite, distribution of granular bainite and precipitation.

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Effect of Microalloying on Weld Cracking in Low Carbon Steels

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Towards the establishment of weldability test standards for hydrogen-assisted cold cracking

Towards the establishment of weldability test standards for hydrogen-assisted cold cracking

Modified WIC test: an efficient and effective tool for evaluating pipeline girth weldability

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Low Carbon Bainitic Steel

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