Effect of Fluoridated Milk on Progression of Root Surface Lesions in vitro under pH Cycling Conditions

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of milk with 0, 2.5 or 5 ppm F on progression and remineralization of caries-like root surface lesions using a pH cycling model. The root surface lesions were created utilizing a partially saturated lactic acid buffer at pH 4.6. Longitudinal sections were cut through the lesion and analyzed using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and microradiography (MRG). The sections were then coated with an acid resistant varnish, except the outer natural surface that would be exposed to water, milk or fluoridated milk and cycled in a de- and remineralizing system for 2 weeks. The lesions were characterized again by PLM and MRG after treatment. A significant reduction in lesion progression was found by PLM and MRG after treatment with either non-fluoridated or fluoridated milk when compared to the control group. Using quantitative MRG, mineral change and distribution in the lesions were recorded. A possible protective effect of fluoridated milk on root surface caries was supported by a reduction in the progression of the lesions and an increase in the mineral within the lesion.

Effects of fluoridated milk on artificial enamel carious lesions: A pH cycling study

“…22 Though a number of in vitro studies have demonstrated the re-mineralizing efficacy of different concentrations of fluoridated milk, the re-mineralization effect of increasing the volume of fluoridated milk within the same concentration is still unclear. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Thus the objectives of this study were to investigate whether increasing (1) the concentration of fluoride in milk and (2) the volume of fluoridated milk alters its re-mineralizing efficacy. The null hypothesis tested was that increasing the fluoride concentration and volume of fluoridated milk would increase its remineralization efficacy on initial enamel carious lesions.…”

The in vitro effect of fluoridated milk in a bacterial biofilm - Enamel model

“…Milk fluoridation has been suggested as an alternative to water fluoridation because milk is an important food for children 1,2,4,5 . Previous studies have shown that milk and fluoridated milk reduces the caries progression in enamel 6,8,9 and on root surfaces 7 . It has been discussed that this effect may be due either to incorporation of fluoride into the enamel surface which may result in the formation of fluor-apatite 9 or to an increase in remineralization of enamel apatite 6 .…”

“…The effect of fluoridated milk on inhibition and remineralizing treatment of initial caries lesions has been studied in clinical [1][2][3][4] and experimental in vitro investigations [5][6][7][8] . In experimental studies so far a chemical demineralization model has been used [5][6][7][8][9] which does not take into account the oral bacterial environment.…”

“…In experimental studies so far a chemical demineralization model has been used [5][6][7][8][9] which does not take into account the oral bacterial environment. Therefore, in this study a bacterial demineralization model was used which mimics more closely the oral conditions to study the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel demineralization and remineralization.…”

Effects of fluoride concentration and temperature of milk on caries lesion rehardening

“…The presently used model was modified and milk treatment times of 10 min were employed to maintain some physiological relevance, although considerably longer treatment times could have been justified based on other previous studies. 11,23 The total number of treatments during the course of the study (4Â/d over 15 d = 60 treatments) is somewhat equivalent to three months of fluoridated milk use (assuming 1Â/d and 5d/week). Considering that in vitro research often overestimates in vivo effects, it remains to be seen if the present findings can be extrapolated and applied to current milk fluoridation programmes, by j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y x x x ( 2 0 1 2 ) x x x -x x x perhaps providing hot fluoridated milk in insulated mugs in future.…”