Effects of fluoridated milk on artificial enamel carious lesions: A pH cycling study

The Effect of Varying Concentrations of Fluoridated Milk on Enamel Remineralisation in vitro

“…A pH-cycling experiment [Herkströter et al, 1991] showed that 2 ppm fluoride was needed to stop the demineralisation of enamel almost completely, but not that of dentine. A recent study [Itthagarun et al, 2011] suggested that 2.5 ppm fluoride milk provided similar remineralisation potential to higher fluoride concentrations. However, they did not study concentrations lower than 2.5 ppm in milk and the cycling regime involved prolonged periods of demineralisation and remineralisation, which do not reflect the actual time this would happen in a real life scenario.…”

Effects of fluoride concentration and temperature of milk on caries lesion rehardening

“…The presently used model was modified and milk treatment times of 10 min were employed to maintain some physiological relevance, although considerably longer treatment times could have been justified based on other previous studies. 11,23 The total number of treatments during the course of the study (4Â/d over 15 d = 60 treatments) is somewhat equivalent to three months of fluoridated milk use (assuming 1Â/d and 5d/week). Considering that in vitro research often overestimates in vivo effects, it remains to be seen if the present findings can be extrapolated and applied to current milk fluoridation programmes, by j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y x x x ( 2 0 1 2 ) x x x -x x x perhaps providing hot fluoridated milk in insulated mugs in future.…”

“…10,11 In situ, a Methods: Incipient caries-like lesions were formed in human enamel specimens, characterized using Vickers surface microhardness (VHN) and assigned to seven treatment groups (n = 18 per group): fluoride was tested at five levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/l, all 22 8C) and milk temperature at three levels (4, 22, 60 8C), but only for 10 mg/l F. Lesions were pH cycled for 15d (4Â/daily 10 min milk treatments, 1Â/daily 4 h acid challenge, remineralization in human/artificial saliva mixture). VHN of specimens were measured again and changes from lesion baseline were calculated.…”

An in situ caries study on the interplay between fluoride dose and concentration in milk

“…3,4 Recent research has focused on determining if fluoride in milk follows a dose-response pattern and if an optimum fluoride concentration exists. However, results of laboratory [5][6][7] and in situ studies 8,9 into the anti-caries effects of different milk fluoride concentrations have been somewhat equivocal -benefits of fluoridated vs. non-fluoridated milk have been reported unanimously in vitro and in situ; although a clear fluoride dose-response relationship has yet to be established in situ. Likewise, there appears to be some disagreement with regards to an optimum fluoride concentration in milk as results obtained using a range of laboratory models led authors to different conclusions.…”

“…Likewise, there appears to be some disagreement with regards to an optimum fluoride concentration in milk as results obtained using a range of laboratory models led authors to different conclusions. [5][6][7] Furthermore, the cariostatic properties of fluoride do not only depend on dose but also on concentration. 10 While drawing parallels to conventional fluoride delivery vehicles, such as dentifrices and rinses, is not straightforward, especially considering their much higher fluoride concentrations in comparison to milk, a study on rinses demonstrated that, for a given fluoride dose, the main driving force for efficacy was fluoride concentration; i.e.…”