Effect of emodin on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans and the development of caries in rats

Xu, Jiaolong; Cui, Yun; Liao, Xian-Min; Tan, Xiao-Bin; Cao, Xuebo

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1857

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Emodin also significantly attenuated the growth, acid production and insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans in vitro and suppressed the development of dental caries in rats. The results suggested that the natural compound emodin might be a novel pharmacological agent for the prevention and treatment of dental caries (Xu et al ., ). Chen et al reported for the first time that emodin functioned as a competitive inhibitor against Helicobacter pylori , which might be associated with occupying the entrance of the tunnel or embedding into the tunnel to prevent the substrate from accessing the active site (Chen et al ., ).…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics

Dong

Yin

et al. 2016

Phytotherapy Research

504

339

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Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that occurs in many widely used Chinese medicinal herbs, such as Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum. Emodin has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years and is still present in various herbal preparations. Emerging evidence indicates that emodin possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, emodin could also lead to hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity and reproductive toxicity, particularly in high doses and with long-term use. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that emodin has poor oral bioavailability in rats because of its extensive glucuronidation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics

Dong

Yin

et al. 2016

Phytotherapy Research

504

339

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“…The Keyes animal model has been modified to meet the requirements of specific experiments in previous studies. For example, it has been modified to study the anticaries properties of fluoride and emodin [Larson, 1981;Culp et al, 2005;Swain and Xue, 2009;Xu et al, 2014]. In this study, it was modified for secondary caries and tested via micro-CT: (1) secondary caries was successfully produced via the modified Keyes animal model (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Novel Anticaries Adhesive in a Secondary Caries Animal Model

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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(1) secondary caries was successfully produced in rats; (2) there was a correlation between the modified Keyes scoring method and micro-CT in the evaluation of the secondary caries; (3) the adhesive containing DMADDM significantly reduced both LD and ML (according to micro-CT), and also lowered the scores (based on the modified Keyes scoring method). This suggests that the novel DMADDM adhesive could perform an anticaries function in vivo via the secondary caries animal model which was also developed and testified in research. Secondary caries is one of the major reasons leading to the failure of caries restoration treatment. As a solution, anticaries adhesives perform well in biofilm inhibition in vitro. However, the lack of secondary caries animal models limits the evaluation of anticaries adhesives in vivo. Secondary caries is one of the main reasons for restoration failure with a heavy economic burden [Sakaguchi, 2005;Kasraei et al., 2017]. While many factors facilitate the development of secondary caries, oral bacteria and acid production are the initiators of dental caries [Mjor Keywords Antibacterial material · Bonding system · Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate · Keyes animal model · Micro-CT · Tooth restoration AbstractWe investigated the anticaries properties of an adhesive containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) in vivo via a secondary caries animal model. Cavities were prepared in the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats. DMADDM-containing adhesives were applied on one side and commercial adhesives on the opposite side as a control. After a 3-week feeding period to induce secondary caries, the molars were harvested for the evaluation of the secondary caries. Lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML) were measured via a micro-CT method, and a modified Keyes scoring method yielded scores for the caries lesions. Statistical analysis was divided into 2 parts: a correlation analysis between 2 evaluations with one-way ANOVA and a least-significant differences (LSD) test, and an evaluation of anticaries adhesives with a paired samples t test. The results showed that:

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“…A number of plant species (including Rheum palmatum L., Cassia obtusifolia L., and multiple Rubia species) are reported to biosynthesize anthraquinone derivatives [1][2][3]. The biosynthesis of anthraquinones occurs via the polyketide and shikimic acid pathways [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted human venereal disease that is most often detected in women and that does not appear to decrease with age, reaching a maximum rate in 48-to 51-year old women [25]. Tritrichomonas foetus protozoa strains cause the related sexually transmitted disease bovine trichomoniasis in cattle and pigs [26,27], and intestinal Interest in anthraquinones arises from the fact that they are reported to have multiple potential health benefits in cells and in vivo, including antibiotic [1,4,7,8], anticancer [2,[9][10][11], antidiabetic [4], antifungal [12], anti-inflammatory [13], anti-obesity [14], antioxidative [13,15], antiprotozoal [16][17][18], antiviral [19], cardioprotective [20], hepatoprotective [21], and neuroprotective [22] properties. Emodin and aloe-emodin are already widely used as stimulant laxatives sold in pharmacies to treat constipation [6,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest in anthraquinones arises from the fact that they are reported to have multiple potential health benefits in cells and in vivo, including antibiotic [ 1 , 4 , 7 , 8 ], anticancer [ 2 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], antidiabetic [ 4 ], antifungal [ 12 ], anti-inflammatory [ 13 ], anti-obesity [ 14 ], antioxidative [ 13 , 15 ], antiprotozoal [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], antiviral [ 19 ], cardioprotective [ 20 ], hepatoprotective [ 21 ], and neuroprotective [ 22 ] properties. Emodin and aloe-emodin are already widely used as stimulant laxatives sold in pharmacies to treat constipation [ 6 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

Friedman

Lee

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Plant-derived anthraquinones were evaluated in cell assays for their inhibitory activities against the parasitic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis human strain G3 that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis in women, Tritrichomonas foetus bovine strain D1 that causes sexually transmitted diseases in farm animals (bulls, cows, and pigs), Tritrichomonas foetus-like strain C1 that causes diarrhea in domestic animals (cats and dogs), and bacteria and fungi. The anthraquinones assessed for their inhibitory activity were anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), and rhein (1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone). Their activities were determined in terms of IC50 values, defined as the concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions and calculated from linear dose response plots for the parasitic protozoa, and zone of inhibition for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results show that the different substituents on the anthraquinone ring seem to influence the relative potency. Analysis of the structure–activity relationships in protozoa indicates that the aloe-emodin and chrysazin with the highest biological activities merit further study for their potential to help treat the diseases in women and domestic and farm animals. Emodin also exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The suggested mechanism of action and the additional reported beneficial biological properties of anthraquinones suggest that they have the potential to ameliorate a broad spectrum of human diseases.

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Effect of emodin on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans and the development of caries in rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics

Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics

Evaluation of Novel Anticaries Adhesive in a Secondary Caries Animal Model

The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

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