Effect of during of tapering on anaerobic power and capacity in road cyclists

Fortes, Leonardo de Sousa; Costa, Bruna; Paes, Santiago Tavares; Perez, Anselmo José; Diefenthaeler, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2019.10.009

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our approach, neither peak power during 6-s sprint nor V max changed differently between groups but V max was improved in CON only. This is in contrast to previous findings where improved peak power output (Fortes et al, 2019) and muscle strength (Martin et al, 1994) were found from short periods (2-4 weeks) of reduced training volume and maintained intensity-distribution in well-trained cyclists and runners. Inactivity has previously been reported to change fiber-type distribution toward type IIX phenotype (Coyle et al, 1985;Andersen and Aagaard, 2000).…”

Section: Sprint Performancecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a study on amateur road cyclists performing sprint training (Fortes et al, 2019), power calculations were made to determine the minimum of participants to include in the present study to detect changes in sprint performance. Based on the estimated effect size (ES) of 0.60 in changes in sprint performance when reducing training load for 3 weeks (Fortes et al, 2019) together with an alpha-level of 0.05, a power of 0.80, and a correlation between repeated measures of 0.50, the minimum sample size needed to determine significant differences in sprint performance was calculated to be eight in each group. A mixed linear model was applied to compare relative changes between groups in physiological, performance, and strength measures with group (and sprint) defined as fixed effects and corrected using Pre-values as a covariate using the software SPSS v.25.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Including Sprints in One Weekly Low-Intensity Training Session During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of including 30-s sprints in one weekly low-intensity training (LIT) session during a 3-week transition period in elite cyclists. Sixteen male elite cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake, VO 2max : 72 ± 5 ml•kg −1 •min −1) reduced their training load by ~60% for 3 weeks from the end of competitive season and performed only LIT or included 30-s sprints (SPR) in one weekly LIT-session. Performance and physiological capacities were evaluated during a prolonged (~2.5 h) test-session, including a strength test, a submaximal blood lactate profile test, an incremental test to exhaustion to determine VO 2max , 1 h continuous cycling including four maximal 30-s sprints, and a 20-min all-out test. In addition, mental recovery was evaluated using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ARQ). The only significant between-group change during the transition period was an 8 ± 11% larger improvement in 30-s sprint performance in SPR compared to control (CON; SPR: 4 ± 5%, CON: −4 ± 5%, p = 0.01). Although not different from CON, SPR maintained 20-min all-out performance (−1 ± 5%, p = 0.37) and fractional utilization of VO 2max (1.9 ± 6.1%-points, p = 0.18) during the 20-min all-out test, whereas corresponding declines were observed in CON (−3 ± 5%, p = 0.04, and −2.5 ± 2.9%points, p = 0.02, respectively). Power output at 4 mmol•L −1 blood lactate concentration decreased similarly in SPR (−4 ± 4%, p = 0.02) and CON (−5 ± 5%, p = 0.01), while VO 2max , maximal aerobic power (W max), and total burnout score were unaffected in both groups. Including sprints in one weekly LIT-session in the transition period improves sprint performance and maintains 20-min all-out power and fractional utilization of VO 2max without compromising mental recovery. Inclusion of sprints in LIT-sessions may therefore be a plausible, time-efficient strategy during short periods of reduced training.

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Section: Sprint Performancecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Including Sprints in One Weekly Low-Intensity Training Session During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists

et al. 2020

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“…According to Skorski et al [ 83 ], in addition to and EM, anaerobic power and capacity are important factors that determine performance in road cycling. This is because in many road cycling races, first place can be decided in the final sprint, and cyclists with high anaerobic capacity and power can achieve better results [ 31 , 84 ]. Therefore, it may be important to determine the appropriate reduction time to optimize the power and anaerobic capacity of cyclists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the differences sport-to-sport and athlete-to-athlete, these findings might not accurately reflect the characteristics of tapering for endurance sports. Although the application effects of tapering in endurance events have received much attention in the last decade [ 13 , 22 , 28 – 31 ], it is very difficult for athletes, coaches, and researchers to find tapering strategies to increase performance in endurance athletes. The previous systematic reviews have helped to shed light on the effects of tapering strategies on competitive performance [ 30 , 32 ], and on nutrition, hydration, and recovery strategies during pre-competition taper [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tapering on performance in endurance athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Gao

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Objective To assess the responses to taper in endurance athletes using meta-analysis. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and EMBASE databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of outcome measures were calculated as effect sizes. Results 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significant improvements were found between pre- and post-tapering in time–trial (TT) performance (SMD = −0.45; P < 0.05) and time to exhaustion (TTE) performance (SMD = 1.28; P < 0.05). However, There were no improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) and economy of movement (EM) (P > 0.05) between pre- and post-tapering. Further subgroup analysis showed that tapering combined with pre-taper overload training had a more significant effect on TT performance than conventional tapering (P < 0.05). A tapering strategy that reduced training volume by 41–60%, maintained training intensity and frequency, lasted ≤7 days, 8–14 days, or 15–21 days, used a progressive or step taper could significantly improve TT performance (P < 0.05). Conclusions The tapering applied in conjunction with pre-taper overload training seems to be more conducive to maximize performance gains. Current evidence suggests that a ≤21-day taper, in which training volume is progressively reduced by 41–60% without changing training intensity or frequency, is an effective tapering strategy.

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“…The improvement in VO 2max for ET and BET groups after the 12-week corroborates previous studies that found changes in VO 2máx after whole-body endurance training. 39,40 The VO 2max may be improved by adopting a F I G U R E 5 Internal training load and mental demand according to group (CT, ET, and BET) and time (weeks). a.u., arbitrary units; BET, brain endurance training; CT, cognitive training; ET, endurance training; *p < 0.05 a main time effect; # p < 0.05 a significant difference of ET group and BET group for CT Group; $ p < 0.05 a significant difference between ET group and CET group.…”

Section: Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of brain endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake, time‐to‐exhaustion, and inhibitory control in runners

de Lima‐Junior,

Silva,

Ferreira

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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We aimed to analyze the effect of brain endurance training on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2máx), time‐to‐exhaustion, and inhibitory control in amateur trained runners. We employed a mixed experimental design, with the group as the between‐participant factor and time as the within‐participant factor. 45 participants attended 36 training sessions over 12 weeks. The cognitive training group (CT) performed the Stroop word‐color task [trials of each type (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) were randomly presented during each training session], the endurance training group (ET) participated in a running training program (intensity was 60%Δ of maximal aerobic velocity and performed on a motor‐driven treadmill), and the brain endurance training group (BET) make cognitive and endurance training simultaneously over 12 weeks. The total time of each session (i.e., 20–40 min) was identical in the experimental groups. VO2máx, time‐to‐exhaustion, and inhibitory control tests were measured before (baseline) and after (post‐experiment) the 12‐week intervention. A significant effect of interaction (group × time) for VO2máx (p < 0.05) was found. A post‐hoc test showed an increase in VO2máx from baseline to post‐experiment only for ET (Δ% = 2.98) and BET (Δ% = 3.78) groups (p < 0.05). Also, the analyses showed a significant interaction (group × time) for time‐to‐exhaustion (p < 0.05), and a post‐hoc test revealed an improvement in time‐to‐exhaustion for ET (Δ% = 8.81) and BET (Δ% = 11.01) (p < 0.05). No group × time interaction was found for accuracy and response time in the inhibitory control task (p > 0.05). The results conclude that BET was not superior to ET for improving VO2máx and time‐to‐exhaustion. Also, the findings conclude that BET improved inhibitory control similar to CT.

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Effect of during of tapering on anaerobic power and capacity in road cyclists

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Including Sprints in One Weekly Low-Intensity Training Session During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists

Effects of Including Sprints in One Weekly Low-Intensity Training Session During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists

Effects of tapering on performance in endurance athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effect of brain endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake, time‐to‐exhaustion, and inhibitory control in runners

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