Effect of different long-chain fatty acids on cholecystokinin releasein vitroand energy intake in free-living healthy males

Abstract

Long-chain fatty acids have been shown to suppress appetite and reduce energy intake (EI) by stimulating the release of gastrointestinal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK). The effect of NEFA acyl chain length on these parameters is not comprehensively understood. An in vitro screen tested the capacity of individual NEFA (C12 to C22) to trigger CCK release. There was a gradient in CCK release with increasing chain length. DHA (C22) stimulated significantly (P , 0·01) more CCK release than all other NEFA tested. Subsequently, we conducted a randomised, controlled, crossover intervention study using healthy males (n 18). The effects of no treatment (NT) and oral doses of emulsified DHA-rich (DHA) and oleic acid (OA)-rich oils were compared using 24 h EI as the primary endpoint. Participants reported significantly (P ¼ 0·039) lower total daily EI (29 % reduction) with DHA compared to NT. There were no differences between DHA compared to OA and OA compared to NT. There was no between-treatment difference in the time to, or EI of, the first post-intervention eating occasion. It is concluded that NEFA stimulate CCK release in a chain length-dependent manner up to C22. These effects may be extended to the in vivo setting, as a DHA-based emulsion significantly reduced short-term EI.

Behavioral palatability of dietary fatty acids correlates with the intracellular calcium ion levels induced by the fatty acids in GPR120-expressing cells

“…In contrast, the licking rate of DHA was significantly higher than that of mineral oil, while the intake amount was not. Harden et al reported that DHA stimulated significantly more release of cholecystokinin (CCK) than other LCFAs such as linoleic acid and oleic acid in secretin tumor (STC-1) cells (10). Therefore, release of CCK from the duodenum, which is suppressed after DHA ingestion, may suppress the overall intake of this fatty acid over 30 min.…”

Lack of Effects of a Single High-Fat Meal Enriched with Vegetable n-3 or a Combination of Vegetable and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids on Intestinal Peptide Release and Adipokines in Healthy Female Subjects

“…The difference in the amount of FAs in the three different cakes might have contributed to the variation seen in the different gastrointestinal peptide responses especially [CCK; Ref. (34)] or adipokines (leptin).…”

Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Interact with Dietary Fat Intakes to Modulate the Plasma TG Response to a Fish Oil Supplementation

“…However, participants spontaneously reduced their energy intakes which may be related to the reduction observed in the intake of carbohydrates. The intake of DHA has been associated with reductions in energy intake among free living healthy men [34]. This effect was explained by an increase in the release of appetite hormone cholecystokinin [34].…”

“…The intake of DHA has been associated with reductions in energy intake among free living healthy men [34]. This effect was explained by an increase in the release of appetite hormone cholecystokinin [34]. This spontaneous reduction in energy intakes could also be caused by the Hawthorne effect, which involves that participants reduced their energy intakes only by knowing that they were in a study [35].…”