Effect of dietary soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on growth performance, amino acid profile, blood profile, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets

Abstract

Weaning stress results in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressed performance in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on the growth and health of weaned piglets. Compared with those in the glutamine group, piglets in the glucose and soy oil groups had greater average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain: feed ratio from day 0 to 14, and gain: feed ratio for the overall period. There were no differences with regard to serum amino acids among the three groups on day 14, except glycine and threonine. The serum concentration of histidine, serine, threonine, proline, and cysteine was the highest in the glutamine group, while the content of glycine and lysine in the soy oil group on day 28 was the highest among all groups. Piglets fed with glutamine had greater serum glucose and creatinine on day 14, high-density lipoprotein on day 28, and serum IgG and IgM on day 28. Piglets in the glutamine group demonstrated lower serum total superoxide dismutase on day 14 and 28; however, they demonstrated higher total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the duodenum and ileum on day 14. Weaned pigs supplemented with glucose or soy oil demonstrate better growth performance possibly due to their enhanced feed intake, whereas those supplemented with glutamine may have improved immunity and intestinal oxidative capacity.

Effects of pulverized oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on diarrhea incidence, growth performance, immunity, and microbial composition in piglets

“…11 The results of the present study were in agreement with the findings by Li et al 45 who reported an increase in serum IgG and IL-2 levels in pigs treated with Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Similarly, Lv et al 46 reported that dietary supplementation with glutamine increased the concentration of IgA, IgG, or IgM in weaned piglets. Xi et al 47 also reported a significant increase in the IL-2 and IFN-levels in chicken after feeding on the ultrafine powder extracted from the stem and leaves of Astragalus.…”

Regulation of functional amino acids on oxidative stress in pigs

“…添加谷氨酸能显著增加血液中谷氨酸含量, 并对机体 氧化应激起到明显的缓解作用 [55] . 此外, 断奶仔猪饲 喂谷氨酰胺(谷氨酸合成前体)也能够对肠道抗氧化能 力具有一定促进作用 [56] . 其主要作用机理可能是与半 胱氨酸一起合成GSH参与抗氧化反应.…”

Effect of glucose, soya oil and glutamine on protein expression and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway of jejunal crypt enterocytes in weaned piglets

“…glutamine, glutamate and aspartate) are the major contributors to mucosal oxidative energy generation (8,9) . Our previous study reported that weaned piglets supplemented with glucose or soya oil demonstrated better growth performance possibly due to enhanced feed intake, whereas those supplemented with glutamine may have improved immunity and intestinal oxidative capacity (10) . In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of these three energy sources on intestinal function, which may attribute to the changes of performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs.…”

“…However, our previous study has reported that weaned piglets supplemented with glucose, soya oil or glutamine exhibited different responses. Pigs fed with glucose or soya oil had better growth performance due to enhanced feed intake, whereas pigs supplemented with glutamine have improved immunity (10) . Glucose, fatty acids and glutamine have different metabolism pathways; thus, they may have different physiological functions (11)(12)(13) .…”