Effects of pulverized oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on diarrhea incidence, growth performance, immunity, and microbial composition in piglets

Abstract

BACKGROUND Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom (POM) is an edible mushroom with rich nutritional components and vital pharmacological properties. The present study comprised 100 cross‐bred piglets, weaned at 28 days old, who were randomly assigned to four POM diets with five replicates per diet and five piglets per pen. RESULTS POM supplementation ( P < 0.05) decreased the incidence of diarrhea, and also increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of pigs. Fecal acetate, butyrate and propionate increased with the addition of POM. Interleukin‐2, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, tumor necrosis factor‐α and immunoglobulin A increased ( P < 0.05) with the addition of POM. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant microbial strains in the fecal samples, irrespective of POM supplementation. Shannon diversity, whole tree phylogenetic diversity, observed species and Chao1 analysis exhibited significant variation in species richness across the treatments. Principal coordinates analysis showed a significant ( P < 0.1) increase in the microbial communities amongst all of the treatment groups. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the supplementation of POM in the diet of piglets might increase feed consumption, gut microbial composition and diversity, as well as short‐chain fatty acids synthesis, consequently preventing the occurrence of diarrhea and increasing the growth of piglets. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Prebiotic effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) fiber on cecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids, and diarrhea incidence in weaning piglets

“…1,15 The type of dietary ber, soluble or insoluble, inuences its effects on gut microbial composition and function. 1,16,17 The intake of high dietary ber has been reported to inuence energy metabolism, nutrient utilization, and subsequently results in a reduction in the performance of monogastric animals, especially pigs. [18][19][20] Recent ndings indicated that dietary ber can prevent intestinal diseases such as constipation, diarrhea, bowel diseases, and improve intestinal health in both humans and animal subjects.…”

Eleutheroside B increase tight junction proteins and anti‐inflammatory cytokines expression in intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2)

“…The occurrence of antibiotic‐resistant strains among many pathogenic microorganisms and consumer requirement for organic food products has triggered the search for an alternative approach to control microbial infection in pigs (Adams et al, ; Che et al, ). The supplementation of various plant extracts in animal studies or in vitro studies has served as a promising alternative to antibiotic use (Che et al, ; Pan et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhao et al, ).…”

“…The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant strains among many pathogenic microorganisms and consumer requirement for organic food products has triggered the search for an alternative approach to control microbial infection in pigs (Adams et al, 2019;Che et al, 2018). The…”

“…supplementation of various plant extracts in animal studies or in vitro studies has served as a promising alternative to antibiotic use(Che et al, 2018;Pan et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2014).Understanding how these plant extracts modify the gastrointestinal milieus and nutritional requirements of pigs(Skjolaas, Burkey, Dritz, & Minton, 2007) and other animals is vital. Early weaning of piglets is a common husbandry practice in most commercial pig farms(Adams et al, 2018(Adams et al, , 2019, pigs during this condition has less developed gastrointestinal tracts(Chen et al, 2017) and reduce immunological protections, leading to the increase in disease susceptibility and infections by enteric bacteria(Adams et al, 2018;Kick, Tompkins, Flowers, Whisnant, & Almond, 2012). The intestinal epithelium of pigs performs a critical role in nutrient absorption and serves as a barrier, limiting the permeability of toxic substances(Zhao et al, 2014).…”

Advances in the mechanism of high copper diets in restraining pigs growth

“…Since then the growth-promoting effects of high copper in pigs have been compared with the growth-promoting effects of antibiotics (Papaioannou et al, 2004). High copper supplementation in pig production has gained popularity and increased usage due to the ban on antibiotics use in some parts of the world (Adams et al, 2019;Che et al, 2018). Several studies have reported that high copper supplementation may not only regulate the activities of various enzymes such as digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in pigs, but also may regulate the growth signalling pathways, feeding and fasting signalling pathways, and hence improve protein deposition and promote bone formation (Chen, Mayer, Weston, Bock, & Jumars, 2002;Kumar, Sathua, & Flora, 2019;Kumar, Kalita, Bora, & Misra, 2016a, 2016bKumar, Kalita, Misra, & Bora, 2015).…”