Effect of Biodiesel Blends on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance

Abstract

Tests of ultra-low sulfur diesel blended with soy-biodiesel at 5% and 20% were conducted using a 2002 model year Cummins ISB engine (with exhaust gas recirculation) that had been retrofitted with a passively regenerated catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF). Results show that on average, the DPF balance point temperature (BPT) is 45°C and 112°C lower for B20 blends and neat biodiesel, respectively, than for 2007 certification diesel fuel.Biodiesel causes a measurable increase in regeneration rate at a fixed steady-state condition, even at the 5% blending level. The data show no significant differences in NO x emissions for these fuels at the steady-state regeneration conditions, suggesting that differences in soot reactivity are responsible for the observed differences in BPT and regeneration rate. Soot from the various fuels was characterized by determining the fuel and lubricant fractions of the soluble organic fraction, elemental and organic carbon content, amorphous carbon/graphitic carbon ratio by Raman spectroscopy, carbon/oxygen ratio by energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and reactivity in oxygen by TGA. Results indicate a much more disordered soot structure, containing higher levels of oxygen as biodiesel is blended into the diesel fuel. The soot produced from biodiesel and blends is much more reactive in oxygen than diesel soot. It is concluded that the lower balance point temperature and higher DPF regeneration rates for biodiesel containing fuels are observed because the soot generated from these blends is more reactive.

Ignition Delay and Soot Oxidative Reactivity of MTBE Blended Diesel Fuel

“…From the beginning of the oxidation, the ascending parts of each curve combine together in a single line, which shows that there is no heat or mass transfer effect during oxidation. It is very clear from Figure 4 that MTBE soot has a higher maximum conversion rate at a lower temperature than that of diesel soot, this being consistent with the results for biodiesel and oxygenates reported in literature [18].…”

Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks

“…For B20 blends of SME in petrodiesel, NO x emissions are increased by 0-4% versus neat petrodiesel, but PM, THC, and CO emissions are reduced by 10%, 20%, and 11%, respectively (Hess et al 2007;EPA 2002). Another study demonstrated that combustion of B5 and B20 blends of ULSD in a modern diesel engine equipped with EGR showed no significant difference in NO x emissions from that of neat ULSD (Williams et al 2006). The increase in NO x emissions with combustion of biodiesel and in some cases biodiesel-petrodiesel blends is of concern in environmentally sensitive areas such as national parks and urban centers.…”

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles containing Fe, Si, and V using multiple diffusion flames and catalytic oxidation capability of carbon-coated nanoparticles

“…3) also show that the anatase phase is dominant for the C-, Fe/C-and Si-TiO2 samples, while the rutile phase is dominant for the V-TiO2 sample, which are consistent with previous XRD data. Raman spectroscopy is a unique method in characterizing the order-disorder effect in carbonaceous materials, which typically have (Memon et al 2011;Williams et al 2006), with the graphitic G-band around 1580 cm 1 and the disordered or amorphous D-band around 1340 cm 1 . These two carbonaceous bands appear in the carbon-coated samples, which indicate the existence of both crystalline and amorphous carbon in these two samples.…”