Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks

Moser, Bryan R.

doi:10.1007/s11627-009-9204-z

Cited by 634 publications

(444 citation statements)

References 262 publications

(447 reference statements)

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“…Because for the production of pellets water is normally used as binder, there is reasonable to consider the waste glycerin instead of water which can contribute to a higher calorific value of pellets. The waste (crude) glycerin is formed as a by-product in process of transesterification of biodiesel oil manufacturing [11][12][13]. Due to the relatively high calorific value of the waste glycerin (16.1-22.6 MJ/kg depending on the raw material used to biodiesel production [14][15][16]), a reasonable solution seems to be its utilization as a heating fuel [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical prediction of the chemical composition of gas products at biomass combustion and co-combustion in a domestic boiler

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In recent years the numerical modelling of biomass combustion has been successfully applied to determine the combustion mechanism and predict its products. In this study the influence of the addition of waste glycerin in biomass wood pellets on the chemical composition of exhaust gases has been investigated. The pellets have been prepared from spruceand pine wood sawdust without and with addition of waste glycerin. The waste glycerol is a undesirable by-product of biodiesel transesterification at oil manufacturing. The produced pellets were being burned in the 10 kW domestic boiler adapted to wood pellets combustion. The possibilities of pollutants generation (CO2, CO, NOx SOx and compounds containing chlorine) in the exhaust gases coming from the boiler were numerically calculated using the latest version of CHEMKIN-PRO software, introduced by the American company Reaction Design. The results of the calculations correspond to the data obtained on a real object, in particular: combustion temperature, gas pressure, residence time of fuel in the burner, air flow, fuel consumption, as well as elementary composition of fuel supplied into the boiler. The proposed method of predicting the chemical composition of exhaust gases allows proper control of the combustion process and can be considered as an important step in reducing the pollutants (lower emission of NOx, SOx and CO2 neutral) and thus to contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality. In addition, knowledge of the amounts of Clbased compounds produced in combustion process (under given conditions), can serve as an important hint in terms of corrosion prevention of boiler-and chimney steels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical prediction of the chemical composition of gas products at biomass combustion and co-combustion in a domestic boiler

et al. 2017

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“…Currently, agronomic efforts are made on increasing feedstock supply. Alternative feedstocks normally arise out of necessity from regions of the world where the materials are not locally available or as part of a concerted effort to reduce dependence on imported petroleum products (Moser, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria

Sylvester¹,

Elijah²

2013

GJBS

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Nigeria has joined the league of countries seeking for alternatives to fossil fuels. Biofuel has emerged as a credible alternative and blend stock for the dwindling petroleum resources. Nigeria is committed to blending biodiesel with petrodiesel up to 20%. This paper evaluates the challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria. The study found that biodiesel production in Nigeria could be challenged by feedstock supply shortages, poor quality of the feedstock, technological challenges and poor policy framework. Oil palm in Nigeria is mostly processed by smallholders, producing oils of low quality due to high free fatty acid (FFA), moisture and impurities above limits for biodiesel production. Pretreatment techniques, which are used to upgrade the oil, could increase the cost of the resultant biodiesel. Because of the poor quality of the feedstock, enzymatic transesterification is a more feasible method for biodiesel production. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of inedible oil as feedstock, production of lipase for enzymatic transesterification and upgrading the Nigerian policy and incentives.

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“…The most common feedstock for FAME biodiesel in the United States is soybean oil, but other oils also may be used. 2,8 In fact, corn oil biodiesel achieves superior cold flow properties compared with soybean biodiesel. 10 The catalyst is dissolved in the alcohol and charged into a closed reaction vessel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Typical biodiesel production using homogeneous alkaline catalysts requires more expensive refined fats or oils as feedstocks to avoid problematic saponification. 8,17 The lipase-catalyzed process is capable of simultaneous esterification and transesterification, thus, eliminating the need for cost-prohibitive refined oils or fats. In addition, purification of biodiesel can be accomplished on a resin to produce a high-quality product that satisfies ASTM D6751 specifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Candida antarctica Lipase B Gene Open Reading Frame using Automated PCR Gene Assembly Protocol on Robotic Workcell and Expression in an Ethanologenic Yeast for use as Resin-Bound Biocatalyst in Biodiesel Production

Hughes

Moser

Harmsen

et al. 2011

JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation

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A synthetic Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) gene open reading frame (ORF) for expression in yeast was constructed, and the lycotoxin-1 (Lyt-1) C3 variant gene ORF, potentially to improve the availability of the active enzyme at the surface of the yeast cell, was added in frame with the CALB ORF using an automated PCR assembly and DNA purification protocol on an integrated robotic workcell. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing CALB protein or CALB Lyt-1 fusion protein were first grown on 2% (w/v) glucose, producing 9.3 g/L ethanol during fermentation. The carbon source was switched to galactose for GAL1-driven expression, and the CALB and CALB Lyt-1 enzymes expressed were tested for fatty acid ethyl ester (biodiesel) production. The synthetic enzymes catalyzed the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters from ethanol and either corn or soybean oil. It was further demonstrated that a one-stepcharging resin, specifically selected for binding to lipase, was capable of covalent attachment of the CALB Lyt-1 enzyme, and that the resin-bound enzyme catalyzed the production of biodiesel. High-level expression of lipase in an ethanologenic yeast strain has the potential to increase the profitability of an integrated biorefinery by combining bioethanol production with coproduction of a low-cost biocatalyst that converts corn oil to biodiesel. (JALA 2011;16:17-37) Keywords: Candida antarctica lipase B, transesterification, biodiesel, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one-stepcharging resin, resin-supported biocatalyst a Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. INTRODUCTIONMost of the fuel ethanol produced in the United States is made from corn starch in either wet-mill or dry-grind ethanol facilities. Projections indicate that corn supplies will not be able to meet the increasing demand for biofuels. Lignocellulosic biomass, an abundant and renewable carbon source, has the potential to supplement or replace starch feedstocks for the production of fuel ethanol, 1 but current technology is constrained by production costs. The profitability of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass will be improved if high-value coproducts are also generated. Current processes for fuel ethanol production from starch yield substantial amounts of corn oil as a byproduct. The corn oil is used for the manufacture of biodiesel, thereby removing the oil from the dried distiller grain solubles to give more digestible defatted animal feed. Corn oil triacylglycerides (TAGs) are converted to fatty acid ethyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol by transesterification with ethanol. One method of catalyzing this transesterification reaction is using lipase enzymes. 2 An integrated biorefinery combining starch ethanol and cellulosic ethanol facilities may become more cost effective if biodiesel is produced as a coproduct using lipase-catalyzed single-step column transesterifi...

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Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks

Cited by 634 publications

References 262 publications

Numerical prediction of the chemical composition of gas products at biomass combustion and co-combustion in a domestic boiler

Numerical prediction of the chemical composition of gas products at biomass combustion and co-combustion in a domestic boiler

The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria

Production of Candida antarctica Lipase B Gene Open Reading Frame using Automated PCR Gene Assembly Protocol on Robotic Workcell and Expression in an Ethanologenic Yeast for use as Resin-Bound Biocatalyst in Biodiesel Production

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