Effect of Anatomical Characteristics and Chemical Components on Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Bamboo Wastes

Abstract

The epidermis layer waste (ELW) and the inner layer waste (ILW) were removed from Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo, and the anatomical characteristics and chemical components of these wastes were comparatively investigated. Both the ELW and ILW were subjected to a microwave-assisted liquefaction process to evaluate the relationship between bamboo properties and liquefaction behavior. The results indicated that higher vessel and parenchyma percentages and lower cellulose and lignin contents in ILW contributed to lower residue content, while higher fiber percentage and cellulose or lignin contents in ELW resulted in higher residue content. Recondensation took place during the liquefaction of ELW, which was indicated by small granules appearing on the liquefied residue surface according to SEM images. The intense bands corresponding to hemicellulose and lignin in the FT-IR spectrum of the liquefied ELW residue gave further evidence that the liquefaction of ELW is a complex solvolysis process involving simultaneous reactions of chemical degradation and recondensation.

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from bamboo using microwave liquefaction combined with chemical treatment and ultrasonication

“…These granules were ascribed to lignin substrates. Similar granules were also observed on the residues from microwave liquefaction of bamboo for biopolyols, and the granules were confirmed as lignin substrates by FTIR analysis (Xie, Hse, Shupe, Qi, & Pan, 2014b;Xie, Huang, Qi, Hse, & Shupe, 2014c). This result indicated that a small amount of lignin was still retained on the residues, which was consistent with results from the wet chemistry analysis as discussed above.…”

Optimizing the lignin based synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams employing reactive liquefying agents

“…with a green synthesis approach based on the use of glycerol, polyethylene glycol and microwave heating. Initially, microwaves were investigated in the degradation of hazardous compounds, and then this was extended to lignocellulosic biomass in order to obtain liquid polyols with shorter reaction times, thus reducing energy consumption. This approach was experimented on commercial lignin, and the final mixture contained a greater amount of phenolic OH groups and fewer methoxy groups, thus improving system reactivity .…”

Preparation and Characterization of Biopolyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Fruit Waste: Part 1

“…The residue content of OPK/GLY ratio also show decrease in result from 61% to 51% from 1/2 to 1/4. The decreasing residue content obtained from 1/2 to 1/4 ratio could be attributed to recondensation reactions of the liquefied components due to the high raw material concentration a nd this would break the liquefaction process [5]. The relatively lower residue content obtained in this study might be explained by the use of a different liquefaction solvent and different lignocellulosic biomass [6][7] [8].…”