Preparation and Characterization of Biopolyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Fruit Waste: Part 1

Kormin, Shaharuddin; Rus, Anika Zafiah Mohd

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.882.108

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Heat-stable DESs hold the potential to revolutionize green chemistry by enabling sustainable thermochemical reactions at temperatures exceeding 200 °C. These reactions, including biomass conversion and specific catalytic processes, have traditionally depended on solvents that are often toxic and volatile. − By selecting temperature ranges between 180 to 300 °C, this study targets applications such as hydrothermal biomass valorization, where DESs demonstrate promise for ionothermal reactions due to their thermostability, low vapor pressure, and high-temperature resilience . Consequently, thermostable DESs emerge as a promising alternative, promising not only to improve process efficiency and yield, but also to significantly reduce energy consumption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Thermochemical Reactions: Novel Stability Indicators

Hariyanto,

Wong,

Fisher

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This study re-examines the widely touted thermostability of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) using novel stability indicators. Thermostability is critical for the application of thermochemical reactions. Type II and Type III DESs receive the most attention due to their versatility, with Type II DES demonstrating superior thermostability, often remaining stable at temperatures up to 200 °C. Of the Type II DES, ChCl:CoCl2·6H2O was the most thermostable at 250 °C, followed by ChCl:MgCl2·6H2O and ChCl:ZnCl2·2H2O that showed moderate stability at 200 °C. Type III DESs typically exhibited thermolability at 150 °C, although ChCl:Lac, ChCl:Gly, and ChCl:Ur were capable of retaining their liquid state even after heating. It was through simple visual observation that out of the 10 DESs studied, we were able to exclude DESs that were no longer liquid after heating. Visual observation is an important complement to TGA and DSC, as most of the DESs we examined were previously reported to be stable within the 150 to 200 °C range. The other part of our study is to quantitatively measure changes to the molar ratio post-heat using GC-FID and to identify possible decomposition products using GC-MS. Determining the molar ratio is crucial, as it facilitates the molar adjustment of DES for reuse, an area that presently receives less attention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Thermochemical Reactions: Novel Stability Indicators

Hariyanto,

Wong,

Fisher

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Recently published work on thermochemical conversion of poplar clones from SRCs includes studies on torrefaction [ 15 , 16 ], pyrolysis [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and hydrothermal liquefaction [ 21 ], and solvent liquefaction [ 6 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Biomasses from Poplar Clones for Short Rotation Coppice Cultivations

Paulo¹,

Costa²,

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Liquefaction of biomass delivers a liquid bio-oil with relevant chemical and energetic applications. In this study we coupled it with short rotation coppice (SRC) intensively managed poplar cultivations aimed at biomass production while safeguarding environmental principles of soil quality and biodiversity. We carried out acid-catalyzed liquefaction, at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure, with eight poplar clones from SRC cultivations. The bio-oil yields were high, ranging between 70.7 and 81.5%. Average gains of bio-oil, by comparison of raw biomasses, in elementary carbon and hydrogen and high heating, were 25.6, 67, and 74%, respectively. Loss of oxygen and O/C ratios averaged 38 and 51%, respectively. Amounts of elementary carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in bio-oil were 65, 26, and 8.7%, and HHV averaged 30.5 MJkg−1. Correlation analysis showed the interrelation between elementary carbon with HHV in bio-oil or with oxygen loss. Overall, from 55 correlations, 21 significant and high correlations among a set of 11 variables were found. Among the most relevant ones, the percentage of elementary carbon presented five significant correlations with the percentage of O (−0.980), percentage of C gain (0.902), percentage of O loss (0.973), HHV gain (0.917), and O/C loss (0.943). The amount of carbon is directly correlated with the amount of oxygen, conversely, the decrease in oxygen content increases the elementary carbon and hydrogen concentration, which leads to an improvement in HHV. HHV gain showed a strong positive dependence on the percentage of C (0.917) and percentage of C gain (0.943), while the elementary oxygen (−0.885) and its percentage of O loss (0.978) adversely affect the HHV gain. Consequently, the O/C loss (0.970) increases the HHV positively. van Krevelen’s analysis indicated that bio-oils are chemically compatible with liquid fossil fuels. FTIR-ATR evidenced the presence of derivatives of depolymerization of lignin and cellulose in raw biomasses in bio-oil. TGA/DTG confirmed the bio-oil burning aptitude by the high average 53% mass loss of volatiles associated with lowered peaking decomposition temperatures by 100 °C than raw biomasses. Overall, this research shows the potential of bio-oil from liquefaction of SRC biomasses for the contribution of renewable energy and chemical deliverables, and thereby, to a greener global economy.

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Preparation of polyurethane foams using liquefied oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF) and renewable monomer from waste cooking oil

Kormin

Rus

Azahari

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Preparation and Characterization of Biopolyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Fruit Waste: Part 1

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Thermostable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Thermochemical Reactions: Novel Stability Indicators

Thermostable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Thermochemical Reactions: Novel Stability Indicators

Acid-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Biomasses from Poplar Clones for Short Rotation Coppice Cultivations

Preparation of polyurethane foams using liquefied oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF) and renewable monomer from waste cooking oil

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