With the World facing depletion of its oil reserves, attention is

Flexible and rigid green polymers foam were prepared by the reaction of polyol based on waste vegetable oil with commercial Polymethane Polyphenyl Isocyanate (Modified Polymeric-MDI) and Diisocyanate-diphenylmethane (Abou-El-Hossein, Kadirgama, Hamdi, & Benyounis). The effect of the Ultraviolet (Annie Paul et al.) on flexible and rigid green polymer foam was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and acoustic study of sound absorption coefficient (Baldoukas, Soukatzidis, & Demosthenous). The morphology structure of rigid green polymer foam gives a close cell structure and smallest cell size with UV exposure compared with flexible green polymer foam, which gives open cell structure and largest cell size after UV exposure.The α of flexible green polymer foam gives better compared with the α of rigid green foam at low frequency level before UV exposure. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of flexible green polymer foam is higher, 0.2339, compared with rigid green foam which is 0.1407. The NRC of flexible green polymer foam drops to 24.41 % with exposure up to 240 hours on UV light. The UV light was influenced by the sound absorption level with lower frequency, hence less ductile characteristic of the flexible and rigid green polymer foam.

The development of a lightweight composite (LC) based on Portland cement concrete with waste lightweight aggregate (WLA) additive was carried out to improve the sustainability and environmental impact and to offer potential cost savings without sacrificing strength. Treatment of the surface of the LC exposed to environmental attack by coating with biopolymer based on waste cooking oil doped with titanium dioxide photocatalysis (TOP) with superhydrophilic property was found to affect the mechanical properties of the LC in a systematic way. The results of compressive strength showed that the composite achieved the minimum required strength for lightweight construction materials of 17.2 MPa. Scratch resistance measurements showed that the highest percentages loading of superhydrophilic particles (up to 2.5% of biomonomer weight) for LC's surface coating gave the highest scratch resistance while the uncoated sample showed the least resistances. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures revealed the difference between the surface roughness for LC with and without TOP coating. TOP is also formulated to provide self-cleaning LC surfaces based on two principal ways: (1) the development by coating the LC with a photocatalytic superhydrophilic, (2) if such a superhydrophilic is illuminated by light, the grease, dirt, and organic contaminants will be decomposed and can easily be swept away by rain.

Waste cooking oils are problematic to dispose of especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of this study is to develop a high density solid biopolymer foam (HDB) by using a hot compression molding technique based on flexible and rigid cross-linking agents. Physical properties such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibration characteristics have been studied using a vibration transmissibility test according to the ASTM D3580-95 standard. Different thicknesses were examined during the fabrication of HDB to measure the vibration property. By using the linear vibration theory with a single degree of freedom, the resonance frequency of vibration transmissibility and damping ratios of HDB foam at variation excitation are acquired. The results show that HDB flexible foam gives a higher damping ratio to absorb vibration. The capability of the HDB flexible foam to absorb vibration is greater than rigid HDB. It was observed that no improvement was achieved by increasing the thickness of HDB to vibration transmissibility. Reducing the thickness of the HDB flexible foam gives an increment of a damping ratio up to 36%.

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