Effect of adrenal steroids on preproneurokinin-A gene expression in discrete regions of the rat brain

Pompei, Pierluigi; Riftina, Faina; McEwen, Bruce S.

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00115-9

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The BNST-OV is responsive to corticosterone (Makino et al, 1994;Pompei et al, 1995;Watts and Sanchez-Watts, 1995), and it has been shown that glucocorticoids can induce clock gene expression in peripheral tissues (Balsalobre et al, 2000b). The results of our last experiment showing that removal of the adrenal glands blunts the rhythm in PER2 expression in the BNST-OV, although not in the SCN, strongly suggest a role for adrenal glucocorticoid hormones in the control of PER2 oscillations in the BNST-OV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In contrast, most peripheral tissues express glucocorticoid receptors, and administration of a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, has been shown to induce Per gene expression in mouse liver, in vivo, and in cultured rat-1 fibroblasts (Balsalobre et al, 2000a(Balsalobre et al, ,b, 2002, suggesting that circulating glucocorticoids regulate Per gene expression in some peripheral tissues. Glucocorticoid receptors are expressed in the BNST (Lechner and Valentino, 1999), and corticosterone has been shown to modulate neuropeptide gene expression in the BNST (Makino et al, 1994;Pompei et al, 1995;Watts and Sanchez-Watts, 1995). To begin to study the possibility that circulating glucocorticoids are involved in the control of PER2 in the BNST-OV, we assessed the expression of PER2 in the SCN and BNST-OV of bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) and sham-operated rats.…”

Section: Per2 Oscillation In the Scn And Bnst-ov After Bilateral Adrementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Circadian Rhythm in the Expression of PERIOD2 Protein Reveals a Novel SCN-Controlled Oscillator in the Oval Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

Amir

Lamont²,

Robinson³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

146

166

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Per2 Oscillation In the Scn And Bnst-ov After Bilateral Adrementioning

confidence: 99%

A Circadian Rhythm in the Expression of PERIOD2 Protein Reveals a Novel SCN-Controlled Oscillator in the Oval Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

Amir

Lamont²,

Robinson³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

146

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The finding that the PER2 expression in the CEA and BNST-OV is abolished by adrenalectomy suggests that the rhythm of PER2 is modulated by glucocorticoids, which is consistent with evidence that Per gene expression in peripheral tissues is sensitive to glucocorticoids (54,55). Furthermore, these regions contain high densities of glucocorticoid receptors, and glucocorticoids are known to modulate cell morphology and the expression of peptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and enkephalin (ENK) in these regions (31,(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62). Preliminary evidence indicates that corticosterone added to the drinking water can restore PER2 rhythms in the CEA and BNST-OV of adrenalectomized, SCNintact rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit opposite diurnal rhythms of expression of the clock protein Period2

Lamont

Robinson

Stewart

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

231

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There is considerable evidence that circadian rhythms in mammals can be modulated by emotional state, but how emotional state modulates specific circadian outputs is poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of the circadian clock protein Period2 (PER2) in three regions of the limbic forebrain known to play key roles in emotional regulation, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the dentate gyrus (DG). We report here that cells in all three regions exhibit daily rhythms in expression of PER2 that are under the control of the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The rhythm in the CEA and the rhythms in the BLA and DG are diametrically opposite in phase and are differentially affected by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy completely abolished the PER2 rhythm in the CEA but had no effect on the PER2 rhythms in the BLA and DG. We previously reported a rhythm in PER2 expression in the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis that is identical in phase and sensitivity to adrenalectomy to that found in the CEA. Together, these findings show that key structures of the limbic forebrain exhibit daily oscillations in clock gene expression that are controlled not only by input from the SCN but, importantly, by hormonal and neurochemical changes that normally accompany motivational and emotional states. Thus, cells within these areas are strategically positioned to integrate the inputs from the SCN and emotional states to modulate circadian rhythms downstream from the SCN clock.hippocampus ͉ suprachiasmatic nucleus ͉ oval nucleus ͉ circadian clock I n mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is recognized as a master clock responsible for the regulation of all behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms (1). The rhythm of the SCN, although sensitive to the daily cycle of light, is relatively invulnerable to environmental challenges and changes in physiology (2, 3). Yet it is recognized that stressors and changes in emotional states can have disruptive effects on behavioral and physiological rhythms (4-8). Furthermore, disruptions of circadian rhythms have negative effects on mood and well being, as observed during jet lag or shift work (9, 10).Although the SCN is the only clock structure required for the generation of circadian rhythmicity, recent studies show that circadian rhythms in expression of clock genes, such as Per1 and Per2, can be found in other brain regions that participate in the control of specific behavioral and physiological outputs. These include, but are not limited to, the striatum, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, preoptic area, and olfactory bulbs (11-17). The study of clock genes in these and other functionally defined brain regions may help to determine how the SCN clock controls specific circadian rhythms and, importantly, may contribute to an understanding of how diverse experiences and pathological conditions can affect circadian rhythms downstream from the SCN clock.We found recently th...

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“…It has been previously established that systemic stressors increase c-Fos expression in GABA neurons containing enkephalin in the BNSTov and CEAl [32, 33], and that neurogenic stressor, such as restraint, suppress c-Fos in these nuclei [34]. In addition, glucocorticoids have been shown to modulate the expression of enkephalin in these regions [35, 36], suggesting that these are the neurons where stress and glucocorticoids hormones could interact to modulate PER expression. The fact, however, that the two different stressors, restraint, a neurogenic stressor, and 2DG, a systemic stressor, exert opposite effects on PER1 and also c-Fos expression in both regions [21, 34] clearly implies that other factors are interacting with glucocorticoids to mediate the effects of these different stressors on PER1 expression in BNSTov and CEAl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids and Stress-Induced Changes in the Expression of PERIOD1 in the Rat Forebrain

et al. 2015

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The secretion of glucocorticoids in mammals is under circadian control, but glucocorticoids themselves are also implicated in modulating circadian clock gene expression. We have shown that the expression of the circadian clock protein PER1 in the forebrain is modulated by stress, and that this effect is associated with changes in plasma corticosterone levels, suggesting a possible role for glucocorticoids in the mediation of stress-induced changes in the expression of PER1 in the brain. To study this, we assessed the effects of adrenalectomy and of pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, mifepristone, on the expression of PER1 in select limbic and hypothalamic regions following acute exposure to a neurogenic stressor, restraint, or a systemic stressor, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in rats. Acute restraint suppressed PER1 expression in the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTov) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEAl), whereas 2DG increased PER1 in both regions. Both stressors increased PER1 expression in the paraventricular (PVN) and dorsomedial (DMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the piriform cortex (Pi). Adrenalectomy and pretreatment with mifepristone reversed the effects of both stressors on PER1 expression in the BNSTov and CEAl, and blocked their effects in the DMH. In contrast, both treatments enhanced the effects of restraint and 2DG on PER1 levels in the PVN. Stress-induced PER1 expression in the Pi was unaffected by either treatment. PER1 expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master circadian clock, was not altered by either exposure to stress or by the glucocorticoid manipulations. Together, the results demonstrate a key role for glucocorticoid signaling in stress-induced changes in PER1 expression in the brain.

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Effect of adrenal steroids on preproneurokinin-A gene expression in discrete regions of the rat brain

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

A Circadian Rhythm in the Expression of PERIOD2 Protein Reveals a Novel SCN-Controlled Oscillator in the Oval Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

A Circadian Rhythm in the Expression of PERIOD2 Protein Reveals a Novel SCN-Controlled Oscillator in the Oval Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

The central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit opposite diurnal rhythms of expression of the clock protein Period2

Glucocorticoids and Stress-Induced Changes in the Expression of PERIOD1 in the Rat Forebrain

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