Effect of a 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution Infusion on Arterial Blood Pressure, Serum Sodium Concentration and Osmotic Pressure in Normovolemic Heifers.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The effects of an intravenous (iv) infusion of a small volume (5 ml/kg) or large volume (15 ml/kg) of hypertonic saline solution (HSS; 7.2%, 2,400 mOsmol/kg·H 2 O) and those of an iv infusion of 5 ml/kg isotonic saline solution (ISS; 300 mOsmol/kg·H 2 O) on plasma volume, arterial blood pressure, serum sodium concentrations and osmotic pressure were investigated in conscious heifers. Nine heifers (3 heifers/group) were monitored for 120 min after the initiation of fluid replacement. The relative plasma volume (rPV) in the 5 ml/kg HSS and 15 ml/kg HSS progressively increased to 137.7 ± 2.4% at t=5 min and 145.2 ± 5.4% at t=15 min, respectively. The expanding plasma volume in the 5 ml/kg HSS group remained at an up to 10% higher level until 120 min, but not in the 15 ml/kg HSS group. The 5 ml/kg HSS infusion induced transit high-osmotic (305.3 ± 4.0 mOsmol/kg·H 2 O) and sodium levels (155.7 ± 3.5 mM/l) at t=5 min. However, the 15 ml/kg HSS infusion induced constant high-osmotic level (321.7-336.7 mOsmol/kg·H 2 O) and hypernatremia (162.8-170.0 mM/l) from t=10 min to the rest of the experiment period. In the ISS and 5 ml/kg HSS groups, no changes in PaO 2 were observed. The 15 ml/kg HSS infusion induced a significant decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen at the t=30 min compared to the t=0 min values. On the basis of these findings, a small volume (5 ml/kg) HSS infusion can be rapidly and safely administered to cattle for expanding the plasma volume without inducing hypernatremia. A 5 ml/kg HSS infusion is thus recommended for the initial field resuscitation of cattle. -KEY WORDS: heifer, hypernatremia, hypertonic saline solution, plasma volume, serum osmotic pressure.

Effect of Intravenous Infusion of a 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution on Serum Electrolytes and Osmotic Pressure in Healthy Beagles.

“…A previous study of heifers [20] demonstrated that a large volume of HSS infusion induced decreases in PaO 2 accompanied by an accelerating HR. This pulmonary response, therefore, may be caused by a decrease in pulmonary circulation.…”

“…It was reported that transient decreases in the SAP of heifers given 5 ml/kg-HSS occurred immediately the start of the after HSS infusion [20]. Although arterial blood pressure was decreased at the immediately after the HSS infusion, there are many reports that the use of HSS has successfully restored cardiovascular function, especially arterial blood pressure, in dogs and cats with hemorrhagic or hypovolemic shock [5, 6, 9-11, 14, 15, 23].…”

“…Several possibilities concerning the mechanisms of beneficial effects of a HSS intravenous (IV) infusion have been proposed, as follows. One possibility is the expansion of circulating volume [2,3,8,10,13,14,[18][19][20]. A 140 ml infusion of HSS can drew 575 ml and 285 ml of water from interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments, respectively; the expanding plasma volume thus reached 1,000 ml [8].…”

“…Changes in the relative plasma volume (rPV) were calculated from Hb and Ht, using accepted formulas [7,[18][19][20]. The serum osmotic pressure was determined by the freezing point depression method, using a one-ten osmometer (Fiske Association, Norwood, MA, U.S.A.).…”

Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Isotonic Sodium Bicarbonate Solution on Acidemic Calves with Diarrhea.

“…Sodium bicarbonate solution, the alkalizing agent of choice, is most often used as a 7.0% hypertonic solution that is commercially available in Japan. The positive inotropic effect is rapid, usually within 2 to 5 min of infusion of a hypertonic solution, such as 7.2% hypertonic saline and 7.0% hypertonic sodium bicarbonate solutions [2,15]. These responses are produced by increased osmolarity of 30 to 150 mOsmol/l [14].…”