Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Isotonic Sodium Bicarbonate Solution on Acidemic Calves with Diarrhea.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The effect of 1.35% isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution (ISB) administered intravenously on acid-base equilibrium was examined in 18 acidemic Japanese black beef calves with spontaneous diarrhea. The infusion volumes of ISB were decided based on the first half volumes of base needed. In 72.2% (13/18) of calves, improvement of acidemia was detected. There was good correlation (r=0.693, p<0.01) between infused volume of ISB and changes in base excess (y=1.097x + 4.762). Infusion volumes of ISB were 7.5, 10.2, 12.9 and 15.7 ml/kg, respectively, enough to correcting the first half of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mEq/l of base deficit in acidemic calves. Our finding suggested that ISB could be used to correct metabolic acidosis without altering electrolyte concentrations in calves. KEY WORDS: acid-base equilibrium, calf, sodium bicarbonate.

Comparison of the Effects of Isotonic and Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate Solutions on Acidemic Calves Experimentally Induced by Ammonium Chloride Administration

“…It has been recommended that the first half of the calculated dose of sodium bicarbonate solution should be administered rapidly [2]. Furthermore, a previous study demonstrated that infusion volume of ISB was 10.2 ml/kg, enough to correct the first half of the 10 mEq/l the of base deficit in acidemic calves [16]. In this study, therefore, the calves in the ISB and HSB groups were given an IV infusion of 5 mM ISB (10.0 ml/kg) or HSB (1.9 ml/kg) via the left jugular catheter over a 15 min period, with an infusion pump (PRS-25, Nikkiso Co., Tokyo, Japan).…”

General Aspect and Current Fluid Therapy in Cattle with Digestive Diseases

“…If a serum bicarbonate is available, bicarbonate requirements can be calculated from the bicarbonatemia, using the following formula with a Vd of 0.6 (to compensate for buffering by non-bicarbonate systems) (Suzuki et al, 2002;Naylor et al, 2006).…”

“…Normally the correction of acidosis requires 1 to 4 L (25 to 100 mL kg −1 ) of an isotonic solution of sodium bicarbonate (1.3%), administered intravenously over about 4 to 8 h (Suzuki et al, 2002;Naylor et al, 2006). It is possible that this rapid correction produces a paradoxical CSF acidosis.…”

Relationship between Depression Score and Acid-Base Status in Japanese Black Calves with Diarrhea

“…If treatment with oral fluids is unsuccessful, intravenous restoration for the acid-base disorder is performed [6][7][8]. Although lactated Ringer's solution is used to replace the volume of total body water and to correct to electrolyte status in small animals and horses, it dose not usually correct the metabolic acidosis in calves with severe diarrhea [6,11,12,15,16]. Sodium bicarbonate is specifically effective for acute and severe metabolic acidosis because it has rapid effect when given intravenously [7,9,15,16].…”

“…Although lactated Ringer's solution is used to replace the volume of total body water and to correct to electrolyte status in small animals and horses, it dose not usually correct the metabolic acidosis in calves with severe diarrhea [6,11,12,15,16]. Sodium bicarbonate is specifically effective for acute and severe metabolic acidosis because it has rapid effect when given intravenously [7,9,15,16]. Nevertheless, rapid administration or an overdose of sodium bicarbonate solution has been associated with paradoxical cerebrospinal fulid acidosis, leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve leading to decreased downloading of oxygen, intracellular shift of potassium in exchange for hydrogen ions causing hypokalemia, tetany due to decreased ionized calcium, and overshot alkalosis [2,5].…”