Clinical application of 2.16% hypertonic saline solution to correct the blood sodium concentration in diarrheic calves with hyponatremia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine whether 2.16% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) is useful for the treatment of diarrheic calves with hyponatremia. Eleven of 13 female Holstein calves exhibiting moderate diarrhea and hyponatremia received 1,250 m l of 2.16% HSS over 15 min regardless of body weight. The remaining two calves that were unable to stand and had severe hyponatremia received 2,500 m l of 2.16% HSS intravenously over 30 min. As a result, hyponatremia in all diarrheic calves was significantly improved by the administration of 2.16% HSS from 122.2 ± 7.0 mEq/ l at pre to 134.8 ± 3.7 mEq/ l at post, which was above the threshold of 132 mEq/ l for hyponatremia. Therefore, 2.16% HSS may be useful for hyponatremia in calves with diarrhea.

Blood chloride abnormalities in diarrheic neonatal calves with metabolic acidosis

“…As a result, calves experience acute symptoms of not only dehydration and metabolic acidosis, but also electrolyte imbalances [ 23 ]. Although electrolyte imbalances, such as hypernatremia [ 1 , 21 ], hyponatremia [ 19 ], hyperkalemia [ 26 ], and hypokalemia [ 27 ], have been reported, limited information is currently available on chloride (Cl) abnormalities in diarrheic neonatal calves.…”