Efeito residual de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência em diferentes solos

Abstract

RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar o efeito residual dos herbicidas ametryne, clomazone e diuron, aplicados em pré-emergência, utilizando amostras de um Neossolo Quartzarênico e de um Latossolo Vermelho, com texturas e composições contrastantes. Para isso, foram conduzidos seis bioensaios em casa de vegetação, com amostras de um Neossolo Quartzarênico (textura arenosa) e de um Latossolo Vermelho (textura argilosa). Foi avaliado o efeito residual de ametryne (0, 1,60 e 2,40 kg ha -1 ), clomazone (0, 0,90 e 1,10 kg ha -1 ) e diuron (0, 1,60 e 3,20 kg ha -1 ), por meio de semeadura de bioindicador previamente selecionado (Cucumis sativus ou Brachiaria decumbens) aos 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Verificou-se que ametryne proporcionou 80% de controle até os 40 DAA, independentemente do solo e da dose. O clomazone apresentou efeito residual satisfatório quando aplicado na dose recomendada em solo argiloso, mantendo o controle acima de 80% até os 71 DAA. Em solo arenoso, o controle não foi satisfatório já aos 25 DAA, mesmo na dose recomendada para solo argiloso. Diuron apresentou alta estabilidade em solo argiloso, observando-se controle superior a 91% até os 100 DAA na dose recomendada e controle acima de 80% até os 54 DAA na dose recomendada para solo arenoso. No entanto, em solo arenoso não houve aumento do efeito residual, mesmo com a aplicação da dose recomendada para solo argiloso.Palavras-chave: bioindicadores, herbicidas, persistência, retenção.ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to monitor the residual effect of the herbicides ametryne, clomazone and diuron, applied in pre-emergence, using Psament and Red Latosol with contrasting texture and composition. Thus, six experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions with samples of Psament (sandy texture) and Red Latosol (clay texture). The residual effect of ametryne (0, 1.60 and 2.40 kg ha -1 ), clomazone (0, 0.90 and 1.10 kg ha -1 ) and diuron (0, 1.60 and 3.20 kg ha 1 ) was evaluated by sowing the test plant (Cucumis sativus or Brachiaria decumbens) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after application (DAA). Ametryne was found to provide 80% control up to 40 DAA, independent of type of soil and dose. Clomazone showed satisfactory residual effect when applied at the dose recommended for clay soil, maintaining control over 80% up to 71 DAA. In sandy soil, the control was not satisfactory up to 25 DAA, even at doses recommended for clay soil. Diuron showed high stability in clay soil, observing control over 91% up to 100 DAA at the recommended dose and control over 80% up to 54 DAA at the dose recommended for sandy soil. However, in sandy soil, no residual effect increase was observed, even when the dose recommended for clay soil was applied.

Residual Activity of Herbicides Applied to Cotton on Crops Cultivated in Succession

“…Therefore, these periods of time should be observed when sowing corn after the application of the aforementioned mixtures. These results are in agreement with those of Inoue et al (2011) who noticed that diuron (1600 g ha -1 ) in an oxisol (pH in H 2 O of 6.7; 438 g kg -1 of clay and 43 g dm -3 of C) resulted in control levels of 80% of Brachiaria decumbens up to 54 DAA. It was considered slightly leachable in clayey soils (LIU et al, 1970) indicating its long persistence in this soil type.…”

Residual Activity of Herbicides Applied to Cotton on Crops Cultivated in Succession

“…Therefore, these periods of time should be observed when sowing corn after the application of the aforementioned mixtures. These results are in agreement with those of Inoue et al (2011) who noticed that diuron (1600 g ha -1 ) in an oxisol (pH in H 2 O of 6.7; 438 g kg -1 of clay and 43 g dm -3 of C) resulted in control levels of 80% of Brachiaria decumbens up to 54 DAA. It was considered slightly leachable in clayey soils (LIU et al, 1970) indicating its long persistence in this soil type.…”

Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop

“…In addition, Inoue et al (2011) found a longer period of control over U. decumbens for clomazone (1100 g ai ha -1 ) in a clayey soil, with over 80% control remaining until 71 DAA, while in a sandy soil, control was already unsatisfactory by 25 DAA. These data corroborate those of this study: clomazone is efficient up to 30 days in a sandy-loam soil, while it remains efficient up to 90 DAA in a clayey soil, with the level of control then decreasing significantly.…”

Seleção de espécies bioindicadoras da presença de tebuthiuron no solo

“…Conforme Nunes & Vidal (2009), a espécie C. sativus demonstrou elevada sensibilidade a atrazine e metribuzin, herbicidas inibidores do FSII, impossibilitando a detecção das variáveis analisadas no trabalho, como altura e área foliar. Em Inoue et al (2011), o herbicida ametryn propiciou controle superior 80% de C. sativus mesmo aos 40 dias após tratamento com herbicida.…”

Residual Activity of Herbicides Applied to Cotton on Crops Cultivated in Succession

“…Therefore, these periods of time should be observed when sowing corn after the application of the aforementioned mixtures. These results are in agreement with those of Inoue et al (2011) who noticed that diuron (1600 g ha -1 ) in an oxisol (pH in H 2 O of 6.7; 438 g kg -1 of clay and 43 g dm -3 of C) resulted in control levels of 80% of Brachiaria decumbens up to 54 DAA. It was considered slightly leachable in clayey soils (LIU et al, 1970) indicating its long persistence in this soil type.…”

Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop

“…In addition, Inoue et al (2011) found a longer period of control over U. decumbens for clomazone (1100 g ai ha -1 ) in a clayey soil, with over 80% control remaining until 71 DAA, while in a sandy soil, control was already unsatisfactory by 25 DAA. These data corroborate those of this study: clomazone is efficient up to 30 days in a sandy-loam soil, while it remains efficient up to 90 DAA in a clayey soil, with the level of control then decreasing significantly.…”

Seleção de espécies bioindicadoras da presença de tebuthiuron no solo

“…Conforme Nunes & Vidal (2009), a espécie C. sativus demonstrou elevada sensibilidade a atrazine e metribuzin, herbicidas inibidores do FSII, impossibilitando a detecção das variáveis analisadas no trabalho, como altura e área foliar. Em Inoue et al (2011), o herbicida ametryn propiciou controle superior 80% de C. sativus mesmo aos 40 dias após tratamento com herbicida.…”

Residual Activity of Herbicides Applied to Cotton on Crops Cultivated in Succession

“…Therefore, these periods of time should be observed when sowing corn after the application of the aforementioned mixtures. These results are in agreement with those of Inoue et al (2011) who noticed that diuron (1600 g ha -1 ) in an oxisol (pH in H 2 O of 6.7; 438 g kg -1 of clay and 43 g dm -3 of C) resulted in control levels of 80% of Brachiaria decumbens up to 54 DAA. It was considered slightly leachable in clayey soils (LIU et al, 1970) indicating its long persistence in this soil type.…”

Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop

“…In addition, Inoue et al (2011) found a longer period of control over U. decumbens for clomazone (1100 g ai ha -1 ) in a clayey soil, with over 80% control remaining until 71 DAA, while in a sandy soil, control was already unsatisfactory by 25 DAA. These data corroborate those of this study: clomazone is efficient up to 30 days in a sandy-loam soil, while it remains efficient up to 90 DAA in a clayey soil, with the level of control then decreasing significantly.…”

Seleção de espécies bioindicadoras da presença de tebuthiuron no solo

“…Conforme Nunes & Vidal (2009), a espécie C. sativus demonstrou elevada sensibilidade a atrazine e metribuzin, herbicidas inibidores do FSII, impossibilitando a detecção das variáveis analisadas no trabalho, como altura e área foliar. Em Inoue et al (2011), o herbicida ametryn propiciou controle superior 80% de C. sativus mesmo aos 40 dias após tratamento com herbicida.…”