Efeito da azadiractina sobre Chaetosiphon fragaefolli (Cockerell, 1901) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na cultura do morangueiro

Abstract

O pulgão-verde Chaetosiphon fragaefolli é o principal inseto-praga da cultura do morangueiro. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da azadiractina para o controle do inseto em laboratório e casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos avaliados foram a azadiractina (Azamax®, 100; 200 e 300 ml.100L-1) comparado com o tiametoxam (Actara 250 WG®, 10 g.100L-1), lambda-cialotrina (Karate Zeon 50 CS®, 80 ml.100L-1) e uma testemunha (água). Os produtos foram pulverizados sobre plantas de morangueiro da cultivar Aromas infestadas artificialmente em casa de vegetação. A azadiractina foi equivalente a lambda-cialotrina e ao tiametoxam no controle de C. fragaefolii desde que realizada uma segunda pulverização sete dias após a primeira. A persistência biológica dos inseticidas lambda-cialotrina e tiametoxam foi superior a 28 dias, com um controle de 75% da população de pulgões, enquanto azadiractina apresentou menor persistência biológica, controlando 70% da população por sete dias.

Effect of Insecticides Sprayed on Leaves and Applied via Soil to Aphis illinoisensis Shimer, 1866 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Grapevines

“…The reduction in infestation observed after the application of azadirachtin was also observed by Bernardi et al (2012), who evaluated the effect of insecticides on the control of the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolli (Cockerell, 1901) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Costa et al (2010) found that azadirachtin (as Neemazal ® ; 10 mL a.i.…”

“…However, it should be noted that the amount used for the control of A. craccivora was approximately five times higher than that used in this study. Bernardi et al (2012) observed a 28% reduction in the fecundity of females, regardless of the dosage used, compared to the control treatment, 15 days after the first application on C. fragaefoli. Whereas the azadirachtin dosages evaluated 0.0 ± 0.0b 100 00 ± 00b 100 00 ± 00b 100 Actara 250 WG ® (Thiamethoxam) 0.5 ± 0.4b 99.9 00 ± 00b 100 00 ± 00b 100 Soil application Provado 200 SC ® (Imidacloprid) 3.8 ± 2.9b 99.0 00 ± 00b 100 00 ± 00b 100 Actara 250 WG ® (Thiamethoxam) 0.0 ± 0.0b 100 00 ± 00b 100 00 ± 00b 100 Control 372.5 ± 31a -348.5 ± 26a -390.1 ± 42a -by these authors were similar to the dosages used in this study, the smaller effect on A. illinoisensis could be due to the lower susceptibility of the species, as the test of Bernardi et al (2012) used direct contact of the insecticide on the aphids, and the effect of direct contact of this compound on aphids has been demonstrated in A. craccivora in beans (Stark & Rangus, 1994).…”

“…In addition to the observed effects, azadirachtin can cause physiological changes that affect growth, metamorphosis and reproduction, including feeding inhibition (Mordue & Nisbet, 2000). Bernardi et al (2012), while evaluating the effect of insecticides on C. fragaefoli control in strawberry, observed an 83% reduction in aphid infestation with the application of thiamethoxam, with more superior efficiency than on A. illinoisensis in the same evaluation period. Thus, imidacloprid applied to the leaves showed the greatest shock effect on the grapevine aphid, even compared with the same dose of the active ingredient of thiamethoxam.…”

Existing potentials in Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) for crop pest control

“…Transovarian activities related to a low number of nymphs were also seen after the treatment of S. pyrioides adults with azadirachtin (Joseph, 2019). The same substance demonstrated in a treatment with Chaetosiphon fragaefolli (Crockerell, 1901) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the strawberry aphid, 28% of reduction in fertility (Bernardi, et al, 2012).…”

“…Azadirachtin presented, according to Bernardi et al (2012), a color change in treated nymphs and mobility reduction, while Mordue and Nisbet (2000) pointed out abnormalities in molting processes of S. gregaria and P. brassicae. In S.…”