Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has been recently detected causing damage to strawberries in Brazil. Infestation in strawberry culture has often been observed jointly with the presence of Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This study investigated the susceptibility of strawberries at three ripening stages to infestation of D. suzukii and Z. indianus and their interaction. In the laboratory, strawberries cv. Albion at different ripening stages (green, semi-ripe and ripe) were exposed to D. suzukii and Z. indianus for 24 h in choice and no-choice bioassays. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of mechanical damage incurred artificially or by D. suzukii oviposition on Z. indianus infestation. In no-choice bioassay, there were no significant differences in fruit susceptibility to D. suzukii infestation at different ripening stages. However, in choice bioassay, D. suzukii adults preferred to oviposit on R fruit. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase susceptibility of fruit to D. suzukii oviposition. For Z. indianus, there was greater susceptibility of R fruit in relation to SR and G fruit in both the choice and no-choice bioassays. There was a significant and positive interaction of mechanical damage and damage caused by D. suzukii to R fruit and infestation by Z. indianus, which was not observed in SR and G fruit. Although infestation of Z. indianus is related to attack damaged or decaying fruit, this work shows that this species has the ability to oviposit and develop in healthy strawberry fruit with and increased infestation level when the fruit has damage to its epidermis.

Dimethoate, malathion, spinosad, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole are highly toxic to both larvae and adults of D. suzukii and Z. indianus. The use of toxic baits for adults of D. suzukii could be an alternative in management of this species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) is the main insect pest of fruits worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and residual effects of the ready-to-use toxic baits Success 0.02CB (0.24 g of active ingredient [a.i.] per liter of spinosad) and Gelsura (6 g of a.i./liter of alpha-cypermethrin) and to compare them with other food lures containing spinosad and malathion mixed with hydrolyzed protein (Biofruit 5% and Flyral 1.25%), Anamed without dilution or sugarcane molasses (7%) against adult C. capitata in laboratory and greenhouse trials. Ceratitis capitata adults were highly susceptible to all toxic bait formulations (mortality > 80%) until 96 h after exposure. The lowest LT50 (hours) of toxic baits were 2.32 (Gelsura at 4,000 mg/liter), 4.26 (Gelsura at 2,000 mg/liter), 4.28 (Anamed + malathion) and 4.89 (sugarcane molasses + malathion), while formulations containing spinosad (Biofruit, Flyral, Anamed and Success 0.02CB) showed LT50 of approximately 11 h. Without rain, Gelsura (2,000 mg/liter) and all spinosad formulations provided mortality superior to 80% 14 d after application. Gelsura and Anamed + spinosad showed higher resistance to a 5-mm simulated rain, similar to Anamed + malathion, while the other formulations had its efficacy decreased. All toxic baits were effective on adult C. capitata in residual experiments without rain while Anamed + spinosad caused high adult mortality after 5 to 25 mm rains. Gelsura and Anamed + spinosad can be used to replace toxic baits containing malathion for C. capitata population management.

Efficiency of insecticides for the control of the Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in culture of the Vineyards ABSTRACT -The Brazilian ground pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is a major pest of vineyards in Brazil. In this study we evaluated the effect of imdacloprid (Premier 700 WG , 0.37 ml of active ingredient/plant) applied in to the soil reduced pest population in 100% when compared with the control treatment (no insecticides). Soil application of fipronil was equivalent to imidacloprid and thiamethoxan standard insecticides used for Brazilian ground pearl control. Soil application of azadirachtin (Azamax ® , 0.24 ml of a.i./plant) and foliar spraying of spirotetramat (Movento SC ® 240, 24 ml a.i./100 L of water) reduced pest infestation in approximate 50 and 60%, respectivelly. We conclude that the soil application of fipronil provides similar control than neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and azadirachtin and can be an alternative for pest suppression in organic vineyards.KEY WORDS -Azadirachtin, Brazilian ground pearl, chemical control, fipronil, imidacloprid, spirotetramat, thiametoxam. ) no controle da cochonilha. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos em áreas naturalmente infestadas pela praga, avaliando-se a eficiência de controle mediante a contagem dos insetos presentes nas raízes oito meses após o plantio. O fipronil (Standak ® , 0.37 mL de i.a./planta) aplicado via solo reduziu em 100% a população da cochonilha quando comparado com o tratamento controle (testemunha), sendo equivalente ao imidacloprido e ao tiametoxam atualmente recomendados para o controle da espécie. A aplicação no solo da azadiractina (Azamax ® , 0,24 mL de i.a./planta) e a pulverização foliar de spirotetramate (Movento 240 SC ® , 24 mL de i.a./100L de água) reduziram a infestação da praga em aproximadamente 50 e 60%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o inseticida fipronil é equivalente aos inseticidas neonicotinoides imidacloprido e tiametoxam e a azadiractina pode ser uma alternativa para a supressão da praga em vinhedos orgânicos. RESUMO -A pérola-da-terra

The objective of this work was to assess the lethal concentration and lethal time (LC and LT) of spinosad and spinetoram, combined with different food lures, and their residual effects on South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus). The toxic baits were offered in eight concentrations (2, 6, 14, 35, 84, 204, 495, and 1,200 mg L-1), combined with the following food lures: 7% sugarcane molasses, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Samaritá Bait, and 3% Samaritá Tradicional; diluted food lures in water were used as controls. The residual effect of the formulations at 96 mg L-1 concentration were evaluated for 21 days and were compared with that of the commercial bait Success 0.02 CB. Both insecticides were toxic to adults of A. fraterculus, and mortality varied with the food lure used. The LC50and LT50ranged from 15.19 to 318.86 mg L-1and from 11.43 to 85.93 hours, respectively. Spinosad was 2 to 36 times as toxic as spinetoram when combined with different hydrolyzed proteins. Toxic baits formulated with spinosad and spinetoram (96 mg L-1) caused mortality equivalent to the one by Success 0.02 CB (90.2%), when assessed on the day of application. Toxic baits formulated with 3% Biofruit + spinosad and 3% Samaritá Bait + spinetoram are effective for managingA. fraterculusand provide up to seven days of residual effect in the absence of rain; however, only Success 0.02 CB caused more than 80% mortality for up to 21 days.