Ecophysiology of Zoophilic Pollination

Vogel, S. W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68153-0_16

Cited by 107 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…O néctar é um recurso floral encontrado em flores de Orchidaceae visitadas por borboletas, abelhas, beijaflores e também em algumas flores visitadas por moscas, sendo a concentração e o volume variáveis (Baker & Baker 1982, Vogel 1983. Nas flores nectaríferas de Orchidaceae, o néctar geralmente é produzido e armazenado no cálcar, uma estrutura que surge como prolongamento de algum segmento do perianto, podendo ser tubular ou saquiforme (Dressler 1981).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Rodriguezia bahiensis Rchb. f. : biologia floral, polinizadores e primeiro registro de polinização por moscas Acroceridae em Orchidaceae

Carvalho¹,

Machado

2006

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Rodriguezia bahiensis Rchb. f.: floral biology, pollinators, and first record of Acroceridae fly pollination in Orchidaceae). Rodriguezia is distributed throughout Tropical America, comprising nearly 40 species, most of them little known regarding floral biology and pollination. Rodriguezia bahiensis is endemic to northeastern region of Brazil, it bears flower features that suggest pollination by butterflies and bees. However, the population studied is associated to a large array of visitors, including bees, butterflies, moths, hummingbirds and Acroceridae flies, the last group being for the first time recorded as pollinators in Orchidaceae. Flowers offer low quantities of nectar as reward that together with the nectar guides imitating pollen suggests the occurrence of a combined system of reward and deceit of pollinators. Though population studied is associated with a high number of visitors, natural fruit set is low (6.57%) may be due to high frequency of pillagers and possible self-incompatibility in the studied species.Key words -fly pollination, generalist Orchidaceae, Rodriguezia, Philopota RESUMO -(Rodriguezia bahiensis Rchb. f.: biologia floral, polinizadores e primeiro registro de polinização por moscas Acroceridae em Orchidaceae). O gênero Rodriguezia distribui-se pela América Tropical, com cerca de 40 espécies, pouco conhecidas quanto à biologia floral e polinização. Rodriguezia bahiensis é endêmica ao Nordeste do Brasil e apresenta flores com atributos associados às síndromes de psicofilia e melitofilia. No entanto, a população estudada está associada a uma ampla guilda de visitantes florais incluindo borboletas, abelhas, mariposas, beija-flores e moscas Acroceridae, este último grupo registrado pela primeira vez atuando como polinizadores em representantes de Orchidaceae. As flores apresentam néctar como recurso, encontrado em baixa quantidade, o que em conjunto com a presença de guias de néctar imitando pólen sugere a ocorrência de um mecanismo de polinização combinando recompensa e engano. Embora a população estudada esteja associada a uma larga guilda de visitantes, a formação natural de frutos da população é baixa (6,57%), o que pode estar associado à alta frequência de pilhadores e possível auto-incompatibilidade na espécie estudada.Palavras-chave -Orchidaceae generalista, polinização por moscas, Rodriguezia, Philopota

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Rodriguezia bahiensis Rchb. f. : biologia floral, polinizadores e primeiro registro de polinização por moscas Acroceridae em Orchidaceae

Carvalho¹,

Machado

2006

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…A presença de osmóforos foi testada usando-se solução de vermelho neutro, em cinco fl ores recém abertas. Após 15 minutos, as fl ores foram lavadas em água destilada e verifi cados os locais corados (Vogel 1983).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Biologia floral de Manilkara subsericea e de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Sapotaceae) em restinga

Gomes¹,

Pinheiro²,

Lima³

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Floral biology of Manilkara subsericea and Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Sapotaceae) in restinga). Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard and Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. display infl orescences of a fasciculate type, with perfect, nectariferous, odoriferous and hercogamous fl owers. They present protogynic dichogamy and daylight anthesis. The corolla is gamopetalous, with the basal region of the lacinia forming a small tube. The medial lacinia, in both species, curves toward the fl ower axis, forming a type of groove, in which the stamen is lodged. The anthers are versatile, extrorse, and rimose. Pollen grain release is cloud-like, on account of an explosive mechanism upon activation of the lacinia-stamen device. The fl owers were visited by bees, butterfl ies, beetles, fl ies and Thysanoptera, being pollinated by Xylocopa ordinaria and Apis mellifera bees, by the Brachygastra lecheguana wasp and by the Isanthrene incendiaria butterfl y.Key words -explosive release of pollen, fl oral biology, Manilkara subsericea, Sapotaceae, Sideroxylon obtusifolium RESUMO -(Biologia fl oral de Manilkara subsericea e de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Sapotaceae) em restinga). Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard e Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. apresentam infl orescências fasciculadas, com fl ores perfeitas, nectaríferas, odoríferas e hercogâmicas. Apresentam dicogamia protogínica e antese diurna. A corola é gamopétala, com a região basal dos lacínios formando um pequeno tubo. Os lacínios medianos, em ambas as espécies, curvam-se em direção ao eixo da fl or, formando uma espécie de canaleta, na qual fi ca alojado o estame. As anteras são versáteis, extrorsas e rimosas. A liberação dos grãos de pólen ocorre na forma de nuvem por um mecanismo explosivo proveniente do acionamento do dispositivo lacínio-estame. As fl ores foram visitadas por abelhas, borboletas, besouros, moscas e Thysanoptera, sendo polinizadas pelas abelhas Xylocopa ordinaria e Apis mellifera, pela vespa Brachygastra lecheguana e pela borboleta Isanthrene incendiaria.Palavras-chave -biologia fl oral, liberação explosiva de pólen, Manilkara subsericea, Sapotaceae Sideroxylon obtusifolium 1.Parte da tese de doutorado da primeira autora, Programa de

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Odour was analysed after storing the fl owers in sealed plastic bags for 1h to concentrate the odoriferous substance. Ultra-violet absorption and refl exion spots were detected with ferric chloride solution in 1% sulphuric ether in aqueous solution (Vogel 1983).The reproductive effi ciency was assessed by isolating fl ower buds (n = 150) in impermeable paper bags to inhibit their contact with fl ower visitors. Immediately after anthesis, some fl owers (n = 30) were hand pollinated with their own pollen and others (n = 30) with pollen from other fl owers in the same plant to test autogamy and geitonogamy, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pollination of Adenocalymma bracteatum (Bignoniaceae): floral biology and visitors

Almeida-Soares¹,

Polatto²,

Dutra³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Adenocalymma bracteatum is a shrub of dense foliage and yellow fl owers, easily found on grasslands areas in Central Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive biology and the fl ower visitors of A. bracteatum in a pasture area nearby Ivinhema city, MS (Brazil). The fl owering peak occurs in winter. The fl ower refl ects ultraviolet light. Anthesis begins at 6:30h, and pollen and nectar are the resources to visitors. We captured 1,038 fl oral visitors. The bees Apis mellifera (L.), Trigona sp., Trigona spinipes (Fabricius), (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and the ant Cephalotes sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were the main visitors. The reproductive tests indicate that A. bracteatum is self compatible, justifying its expansion in altered environments; however, the largest reproductive success was dependant on cross-pollination and self-pollination, evidencing the pollinators importance. Adenocalymma bracteatum presents melittophilous syndrome and bumblebees were the main pollinators in the area. The correlations observed between the climatic variables and the main pollinator species were low or medium.KEY WORDS: Floral trait, pillager, pollinator, beeThe interactions between animals and plants are infl uenced by several community-specifi c biotic and abiotic factors. The study of such characteristics, joined to the species phenology, is crucial to understand the co-evolutionary and ecological processes observed between plants and pollinators (Pellmyr & Thompson 1996, Thompson 1999, 2005. Although widely spread and diversifi ed, the relations between plants and pollinators are seldom studied regarding the impact of seasonal changes and species phenology on ecological interactions ( . Pollination studies enhance our understanding of such interactions and provide feedback information for the appropriate management and preservation of tropical environments. When the species being studied belong to important families characterized by numerous species, high abundance of individuals, and wider geographic distribution, the information obtained is still more relevant. This is the case of the Bignoniaceae family (Udulutsch et al 2004, Kinoshita et al 2006, with about 800 species and the predominance of lianas belonging to tribe Bignoniae in the Neotropical region (Gentry 1974a(Gentry , 1980. With the aim of increasing the knowledge about the importance of ecological relations on pollination, the objective of this study was to identify the fl oral visitors of Adenocalymma bracteatum (tribe Bignoniae), to describe the behaviour of the most frequent and the potential effective pollinators, and to characterize the fl oral and reproductive biology of the relation between environmental factors and the visiting species. Material and MethodsField research was conducted on a roadside approximately three kilometers north of urban Ivinhema city, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (22º18'S, 53º48'W), Brazil. This is a transition area in terms of fl oristic composition, containing grasses, shrubs and creepers (in pastures...

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Ecophysiology of Zoophilic Pollination

Cited by 107 publications

References 156 publications

Rodriguezia bahiensis Rchb. f. : biologia floral, polinizadores e primeiro registro de polinização por moscas Acroceridae em Orchidaceae

Rodriguezia bahiensis Rchb. f. : biologia floral, polinizadores e primeiro registro de polinização por moscas Acroceridae em Orchidaceae

Biologia floral de Manilkara subsericea e de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Sapotaceae) em restinga

Pollination of Adenocalymma bracteatum (Bignoniaceae): floral biology and visitors

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