Ecological aspects of economical development: issues of forecast greenhouse gas emissions in road transport in Europe and regions of Russia

Abstract

Environmental aspects are an essential part of economic development. Improvement of the environmental situation can have a significant impact on the pace and structure of economic development. For environmental component, it is important to analyze the current state and predict greenhouse gas emissions. The development of methodological approaches in this area will allow for more detailed forecasting of the situation. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, European countries have set targets for efficiency of energy consumption and widespread use of renewable energy sources, which they have achieved and become world leaders in using them. By 2020, the goal is set for energy consumption to be at least 20% from renewable sources. According to the forecast on average, in 2040 the share of oil products in the structure of fuel consumption in road transport in Europe will be reduced to 80%. Nevertheless, in the countries of Europe, various trends in the field of greenhouse gas emissions are expected. Most countries have a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion on road vehicles. In Russia, emissions from vehicles are projected to reduce by 8% by 2040.

Multi-Criteria Assessment of Transport Sustainability in Chosen European Union Countries: A Dynamic Approach

“…It is worth mentioning that most of the energy consumed for transport purposes comes from petroleum, which leads to the limitation of natural fuel resources. Therefore, changes in the structure of fuel production can be observed, which results in alternatives such as electromobility, hybrid technologies, biohydrocarbons, or biofuels such as methyl esters or bioethanol [29][30][31][32][33]. It is worth mentioning autonomous driving with artificial intelli-gence technologies, which is under scientific research [34], and its impact on both traffic and the environment.…”

Impact of Renewable Energy Sources Consumption on Economic Growth in Europe and Asia-Pacific Region

“…Among the traditional sources of energy, oil occupies a special place, the dynamics of production and consumption, which has the most significant influence on the conjuncture of the world energy market and many countries' economies (Eder et al, 2018;Filimonova et al, 2019). Oil consumption, in general, has a positive effect on economic growth since it is one of the main types of fuel in industry and transport (Eder et al, 2019). An increase in natural gas consumption should also have a positive effect on the growth of total income.…”

Article review: Comparison of octane booster additive for gasoline

“…The research octane number (RON) measures highway performance under normal conditions with an inlet temperature of 65.6 o C and revolutions per minute (600 rpm). Motor octane number (MON) indicates performance at high speeds when the intake temperature is high (148.9 o C) and the RPM is high (900rpm) [7]. The automated igniting of the fuel causes the gasoline engine to knock.…”