ABSTRACT. We have studied the association of supemovae in spiral galaxies with sites of recent star formation-spiral arms and HII regions. It is shown that supemovae (SNe) of Types la, lb, and II exhibit concentration to spiral arms and their distributions over the distance to the nearest spiral arm do not differ significantly. This result is confirmed by a Kolmogorov-Smimov test comparison with the distance distributions, expected if SNe are distributed randomly inside the model galaxy. SNe of Types lb and II show a strong concentration towards HII regions, while distribution of SNe la can be explained by chance superposition. All studied distributions of SNe lb and II show striking similarity, which suggests that their progenitors are massive stars with similar ages and initial masses. The association of SNe la with spiral arms suggests that their progenitors in spiral galaxies are likely to be intermediate mass stars.

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Research background: This paper studies the impact of a new so-called green factor on the capitalization of petroleum companies, which is becoming highly relevant in view of the signing of the Paris agreements in 2015 and the support for clean energy. Although society, international organizations, and government authorities encourage companies to reduce their environmental impact, one of the main reasons for responsible behavior is still economic efficiency. The oil industry, on the one hand, faces one of the most volatile markets and, on the other hand, has one of the largest environmental impacts of any industry. That requires a detailed study of interconnections between market capitalization and the green factor. Purpose of the article: A comprehensive study of factors affecting the level of capitalization of oil and gas companies in Russia and identification of the most significant among them with a special focus on the green factor. Methods: Econometric analysis of panel data for Russian petroleum companies. The database includes indicators for six major Russian oil companies from 2011 to 2018. The following groups of factors are analyzed to explain the change in the companies’ capitalization: macroeconomic (GDP and inflation in Russia), microeconomic (companies’ revenue, net profit, tax payment, return on assets, return on equity, ratio of borrowed capital to equity), industrial (oil export, refining, production and proven reserves of the companies), and the green factor. Findings & Value added: The selection of factors showed that the size of capitalization has been influenced most significantly by the following: the volume of the company's proven reserves, net profit, tax burden, and the green factor based on the policy of minimizing environmental damage. This result shows that investors consider companies with high environmental performance to be more valuable than companies with similar financial results but lower environmental ratings.

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