World energy market in the conditions of low oil prices, the role of renewable energy sources

Contribution assessment of a technological factor to reducing CO2emissions in Russia

“…The main difference during this period was the impact of population dynamics on CO2 emissions. For example, if a population decline was recorded in Russia, then the OECD population increased, which had a positive effect on CO2 emissions [8][9][10][11] (Figure 3). However, in the last decade, Russia and the OECD countries are characterized by a significant difference in the structure of the increase in CO2 emissions:…”

Identification of factors affecting renewable energy consumption by country groups

“…To form comparable and observable across the whole studied period clusters the following measure will be proposed: if cluster do not change significantly in 2016 compare to 2011, so this way of clustering will be chosen. Under every received cluster, developed RES consumption model will be tested and compared to the overall model [1] for the whole sample of countries. With help of developed cluster approach the cluster distinguishing features will be identified, which allow adjusting the consumption model of renewable energy and their forecasting taking into account the state belonging to a particular cluster.…”

“…Finally, the resulting groups, depending on the number of clusters, are filtered using R-squares and Fstatistics, where all indicators were previously normalized and combined into a composite indicator (C-value) (2). C = ∑(R2i×0.5+Fsti ), i∈ [1,3] (2)…”

“…The cluster analysis methodology used is based on the RES consumption model developed in our previous work [1].The resulting model has the following form (3). ln(RESC)=a1 ×ln(PC)+a2×ln(Oil)+a3×ln(CI)+a4×ln(RDGDP)…”

“…Scientific novelty of research consists of identification of main factors affecting the RES consumption under different clusters of countries, including institutional features of countries, oil prices level, fossil fuels security and the level of technological development; building of multi factor model based on established and systematized indicators with following verification of the significance of factors and making recommendations for countries. The development of the approach to the use of suggested factors (the prices for fossil fuels -second lag of oil prices, fossil fuels security -the ratio of production to consumption of hydrocarbons, level of institutional sphere developmentcorruption perception index, level of technology development -the share of R & D in the GDP structure) in the analysis of their impact on RES consumption was presented in our previous paper [1]. This paper will extend this analysis and apply developed model to the several clusters of observed countries.…”