Ecological adaptation of reproduction in Northeast Arctic cod

Sætersdal, Gunnar; Loeng, Harald

doi:10.1016/0165-7836(87)90045-2

Cited by 103 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…cit. ) found that recruitment in five out of nine stocks was correlated with temperature, and as previously mentioned Scetersdal and Loeng (1987) and Ellertsen et al (1989) found the same correlation between temperature and recruitment of cod, herring and haddock. A multiple linear regression analysis performed by Svendsen et al (1994) showed that about 70% of the year-to-year recruitment variability of several of the fish stocks in the North Sea may be explained by variations in the ocean climate prior to and during the period of larval stages.…”

Section: Second Mechanism: Hydrokinetics and Larval Feedingsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Recruitment seems to be controlled by the supply of warm Atlantic water masses. A positive temperature anomaly has been outlined as a necessary but not sufficient factor for good recruitment of cod, Gadus morhua , herring, Clupea harengus and haddock, Mellanogrammus aeglefinus (Scetersdal and Loeng 1987;Ellertsen et al 1989), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The variability in the inflow of Atlantic watermasses to the Nordic Seas ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The recovery of the Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) from a larval point of view

Fossum

1992

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Section: Second Mechanism: Hydrokinetics and Larval Feedingsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recovery of the Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) from a larval point of view

Fossum

1992

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…We also suggest that there may be abrupt shifts between predominately top-down and bottom-up control (see also Steele andHenderson, 1984 andSpencer andCollie, 1996 for models that predict rapid ecosystem change). The following view of the southeastern Bering Sea builds on conceptual models proposed by Saetersdal and Loeng (1987), Loeng (1989), Beamish (1993), Bulatov (1995), and Bailey (2000) for other ocean regions.…”

Section: The Ochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Hunt

Stabeno

Walters

et al. 2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

498

385

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We propose a new hypothesis, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), which predicts that pelagic ecosystem function in the southeastern Bering Sea will alternate between primarily bottom-up control in cold regimes and primarily top-down control in warm regimes. The timing of spring primary production is determined predominately by the timing of ice retreat. Late ice retreat (late March or later) leads to an early, ice-associated bloom in cold water (e.g., 1995, 1997, 1999), whereas no ice, or early ice retreat before mid-March, leads to an open-water bloom in May or June in warm water (e.g., 1996, 1998, 2000). Zooplankton populations are not closely coupled to the spring bloom, but are sensitive to water temperature. In years when the spring bloom occurs in cold water, low temperatures limit the production of zooplankton, the survival of larval/juvenile fish, and their recruitment into the populations of species of large piscivorous fish, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). When continued over decadal scales, this will lead to bottom-up limitation and a decreased biomass of piscivorous fish. Alternatively, in periods when the bloom occurs in warm water, zooplankton populations should grow rapidly, providing plentiful prey for larval and juvenile fish. Abundant zooplankton will support strong recruitment of fish and will lead to abundant predatory fish that control forage fish, including, in the case of pollock, their own juveniles. Piscivorous marine birds and pinnipeds may achieve higher production of young and survival in cold regimes, when there is less competition from large piscivorous fish for coldwater forage fish such as capelin (Mallotus villosus). Piscivorous seabirds and pinnipeds also may be expected to have high productivity in periods of transition from cold regimes to warm regimes, when young of large predatory species of fish are numerous enough to provide forage. The OCH predicts that the ability of large predatory fish populations to sustain fishing pressure will vary between warm and cold regimes.The OCH points to the importance of the timing of ice retreat and water temperatures during the spring bloom for the productivity of zooplankton, and the degree and direction of coupling between zooplankton and forage fish. in the biomass of large piscivorous fish and a concurrent decline in the biomass of forage fish, including age-1 walleye pollock, particularly over the southern portion of the shelf. Populations of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and seabirds such as kittiwakes (Rissa spp.) at the Pribilof Islands have declined, most probably in response to a diminished prey base. The available evidence suggests that these changes are unlikely the result of a decrease in total annual new primary production, though the possibility of reduced post-bloom production during summer remains. An ecosystem approach to management of the Bering Sea and its fisheries is of great importance if all o...

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“…Climate and climate change affect the Barents Sea ecosystem by influencing species through changes in reproduction, recruitment (Saetersdal and Loeng 1987;Ellertsen et al 1989), growth, and distribution (Nakken and Raknes 1987;Michalsen et al 1998). Therefore, marine ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change, especially when key species are affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to improve the ocean circulation from a GCM 20th century simulation

2009

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Global coupled climate models are generally capable of reproducing the observed trends in the globally averaged atmospheric temperature. However, the global models do not perform as well on regional scales. Here, we present results from a 20-year, high-resolution ocean model experiment for the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. The atmospheric forcing is taken from the final 20 years of a twentieth-century control run with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. The ocean model results from the regional ocean model are validated using observations of hydrography from repeat cruises in the Barents Sea. Validation is performed for average quantities and for probability distributions in space and time. The validation results reveal that, though the regional model is forced by a coupled global model that has a noticeable sea ice bias in the Barents Sea, the hydrography and its variability are reproduced with an encouraging quality. We attribute this improvement to the realistic transport of warm, salty waters into

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Ecological adaptation of reproduction in Northeast Arctic cod

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

The recovery of the Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) from a larval point of view

The recovery of the Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) from a larval point of view

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to improve the ocean circulation from a GCM 20th century simulation

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