Early-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Application Improved Physiological Performances of Sugarcane Seedling and Further Growth in the Dry Land

Abstract

The Indonesian sugarcane production in the dryland was not optimal due to physiological stress. The research to improve their physiological characteristics by arbuscular mycorrhizal application was conducted at inceptisol soil from April 2014 to February 2015, using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was clones PS864, Kidangkencana, PS881, Bululawang, and VMC, whereas the second factor was timing of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum applications i.e.: in the field, nursery, and control. The results show that the mycorrhizal application in the nursery significantly increased the infection percentage (41.3%) at the age of 1 week after transplanting to the field. There are differences in physiological and growth performance of clones by the effect of timing of mycorrhizal application. Bululawang with mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage tended to have better physiological performance such as chlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO 2 concentration, leaf area, as well as the weight of stem biomass. Mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage showed the highest increase of net assimilation rate on the PS864 and, BL clones, and the highest crop growth rate on the PS864, KK and BL clones. The mycorrizal inoculum application in the nursery increased the biomass weight of stem (11-61.1%). Infection percentage of mycorrhiza was positively correlated with the biomass weight with r 2 values of 0.54.

The Role of Mycorrhizae on Seedlings and Early Growth of Sugarcane

“…Meanwhile, according to the observations of Sulistiono et al [14] the colonization of sugarcane seedlings will experience a sharp increase at the age of 5-10 days after inoculation, then it will be constant at the age of 10-30 days after inoculation. An interesting point was also conveyed by Sulistiono et al [14] that the tendency of AMF inoculation of sugarcane seeds in the nursery would result in higher colonization than inoculation carried out in the field when sugarcane at the age of 1-9 weeks after transplanting. However, after 9 weeks of age, the colonization rates of the two differences in inoculation time were similar.…”

“…The elongation of fungi in the roots and rhizosphere consists of 3 stages, namely (a) slow phase, when infection to the target roots begins; (b) an exponential growth phase, maximum at 40 days after infection; (c) slowed growth phase, "plateau phase" balance [15]. Meanwhile, according to the observations of Sulistiono et al [14] the colonization of sugarcane seedlings will experience a sharp increase at the age of 5-10 days after inoculation, then it will be constant at the age of 10-30 days after inoculation. An interesting point was also conveyed by Sulistiono et al [14] that the tendency of AMF inoculation of sugarcane seeds in the nursery would result in higher colonization than inoculation carried out in the field when sugarcane at the age of 1-9 weeks after transplanting.…”

“…In mycorrhizal inoculation, the inoculation time and dose are important. The optimal time of mycorrhizal inoculation is plantation seedlings in the nursery which will increase their colonization by 46% compared to field application [14].…”

Asociación de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) con plantas de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) para la producción de panela en Colombia

“…Los HMA se asocian simbióticamente con la planta generando un intercambio positivo de nutrientes, en el cual la planta le suministra carbohidratos al hongo y éste le ayuda en la absorción de nutrientes, incluso en diferentes escenarios o ambientes en donde la disponibilidad es restringida. En plantas de caña de azúcar se han realizado estudios relacionados con el efecto de la asociación con HMA presentándose una notable mejoría en el manejo nutricional y el estrés hídrico (Datta y Kulkarni, 2012), además se ha encontrado que a partir de esta asociación se obtienen resultados positivos en la f isiología y el rendimiento de la planta (Sulistiono et al, 2017).…”

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerates the growth of shoot roots of sugarcane seedlings in the nursery

“…There are many constraints on the growth of sugarcane in dryland such as soil moisture and low fertility (Gana, 2011;Zhao et al, 2010;Sulistiono et al, 2017a), so that the growth of roots does not develop optimally (Aquino and Medina 2014;Ohashi et al, 2015). Roots are essential for different functions during plant development including plant anchorage (Rebouillat et al, 2009), water and mineral nutrient uptake (Chang-xing et al, 2004), and improves soil physical conditions (Aos et al, 2016).…”