Duodichogamy and sex lability in Sapindaceae: the case of Paullinia weinmanniifolia

Lima, Heloísa Alves de; Somner, Genise Vieira; Giulietti, Ana María

doi:10.1007/s00606-015-1247-5

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The association between nectar and fragrance production can be quickly learned by social bees ( Wright 2009 ), which are major pollinators of Anacardiaceae and Sapindales in general ( Kubitzki 2011 ). In all families of the Sapindales for which the presence of osmophores has been reported, nectaries are also present as in the two species studied here ( Bussel et al 1995 , Marques et al 2015 ; Lima et al 2016 ). Indeed, most members of the order share generalist to melittophilous insect pollination syndromes, with numerous but relatively small nectariferous flowers with a polysymmetric perianth (and androecium) ( Engler 1892 ; Wannan and Quinn 1991 ; Bachelier and Endress 2009 ; Kubitzki 2011 ; Tölke et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Scents have also been identified in flowers of Boronia ; however, the authors could not confirm whether osmophores were responsible for its production ( Bussel et al 1995 ). In Sapindaceae, osmophores have been reported in Paullinia weinmanniifolia on the stamens and sepals ( Lima et al 2016 ), but neither with information on their structure, nor, like in Citrus , with details on their ultrastructure. Therefore, comparisons of osmophore diversity and evolution in Sapindales are still hampered by the lack of detailed studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, out of the nine families and ca. 6550 species ( Stevens 2001 onwards), osmophores have only been reported and studied in two genera of Rutaceae ( Bussel et al 1995 ; Marques et al 2015 ), while those reported in two species of a genus of Sapindaceae were not studied in detail and lacked chemical characterization of their volatile compounds ( Lima et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osmophores and floral fragrance inAnacardium humileandMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales

et al. 2018

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Flowers of Anacardiaceae and other Sapindales typically produce nectar, but scent, often associated with a reward for pollinators, has surprisingly been mentioned only rarely for members of the family and order. However, flowers of Anacardium humile and Mangifera indica produce a strong sweet scent. The origin and composition of these floral scents is the subject of this study. Screening of potential osmophores on the petals and investigations of their anatomy were carried out by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The composition of the floral fragrance was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In both species, the base of the adaxial side of each petal revealed specialized secretory epidermal cells which are essentially similar in structure and distinct from all other neighbouring cells. These cells also showed evidence of granulocrine secretory mechanisms and slight specific variations in their subcellular apparatus coinciding with the respective composition of the floral fragrance, predominantly composed of sesquiterpenes in A. humile and monoterpenes in M. indica. This study reports the presence of osmophores for the first time in flowers of Anacardiaceae and confirms the link between the ultrastructural features of their secretory cells and the volatiles produced by the flowers. The flowers of most Sapindales, including Anacardiaceae, are nectariferous. However, the presence of osmophores has only been described for very few genera of Rutaceae and Sapindaceae. Both the occurrence of osmophores and fragrance may have largely been overlooked in Anacardiaceae and Sapindales until now. Further studies are needed to better understand the nature and diversity of the interactions of their nectariferous flowers with their pollinators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osmophores and floral fragrance inAnacardium humileandMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales

et al. 2018

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“…In order to prove male-male competition to promote duodichogamy, it is necessary to determine flowering sequences, pollinator activities, and finally their selective outcome in natural populations with sufficient sample size. This is particularly important because species with duodichogamous flowering systems tend to change their sexual expression among individuals or between years (Luo et al 2007;de Lima et al 2016) and fitness is realized through pollinator activities. This study will contribute to finding more duodichogamous species in Meliaceae based on sex combinations within dichasium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duodichogamy is the rarest form of dichogamy that has so far only been reported in a few species from seven genera of four families (i.e., Bridelia and Cleistanthus in Phyllanthaceae, Castanea in Fagaceae, Cladium in Cyperaceae, and Acer, Dipteronia, and Paullinia in Sapindaceae) (Luo et al 2007;Li et al 2014;Renner 2014;de Lima et al 2016). Since these genera are largely composed of species with unisexual or functionally unisexual flowers, the sequence of flowering male→female→male is highly likely to represent greater numbers of male flowers (unisexual flowers) or greater investment to male function (bisexual flowers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare duodichogamous flowering system in monoecious Toona sinensis (Meliaceae)

2018

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Background: Duodichogamy is the rarest form of dichogamy in angiosperms, which is characterized by flowering in the sequence of male→female→male. Disentangling factors promoting duodichogamy require the discovery of more duodichogamous species in angiosperms. However, extremely limited information on duodichogamous species makes it difficult to make general conclusions. Given the inflorescence morphology and flowering characteristics, the Meliaceae family is highly likely to contain duodichogamous species. Methods: We selected 48 individuals from 20 populations in Korea and investigated their flower morphology, arrangement of flowers by sexual condition within inflorescences, and flowering phases and duration of male and female flowers of Toona sinensis (Meliaceae) for 5 years (2011-2015) to determine if the species shows duodichogamous flowering. Results: Toona sinensis belonging to Meliaceae possessed functionally unisexual flowers with rudimentary parts of the opposite sex. The floral organs in male were larger than those in female, except for ovary length and width. In dichasium, male flowers were observed on primary or lateral branches, whereas female flowers were borne only on lateral branches. Overall, individuals from six different populations flowered in the male→female→male sequence, thereby male is blooming far longer than female flowers at the level of individual trees (male vs. female = 17-20 days vs. 2-4 days). Conclusions: This is the first study to report a duodichogamously flowering species, T. sinensis, within Meliaceae. Several flowering characteristics observed from T. sinensis may be important clues used to discover additional duodichogamous Meliaceae species. Short flowering period and relatively small number of female flowers, which is analogous to reduced ovule numbers observed in other duodichogamous species, may intensify male-male competition in T. sinensis. This study contributed to narrowing down potential candidates of duodichogamy based on their geographic distributions and flowering time.

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Floral development and the formation of functionally unisexual flowers in Xanthoceras sorbifolium (Sapindaceae), a morphologically andromonoecious tree endemic to northern China

Zhou

Cai

Yu-shan

et al. 2019

Trees

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Duodichogamy and sex lability in Sapindaceae: the case of Paullinia weinmanniifolia

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Osmophores and floral fragrance inAnacardium humileandMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales

Osmophores and floral fragrance inAnacardium humileandMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales

A rare duodichogamous flowering system in monoecious Toona sinensis (Meliaceae)

Floral development and the formation of functionally unisexual flowers in Xanthoceras sorbifolium (Sapindaceae), a morphologically andromonoecious tree endemic to northern China

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