Floral development and the formation of functionally unisexual flowers in Xanthoceras sorbifolium (Sapindaceae), a morphologically andromonoecious tree endemic to northern China

Zhou, Quan; Cai, Qing; Yu-shan, Zheng; Wu, Zhiyan; Mao, Jian‐Feng

doi:10.1007/s00468-019-01879-6

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Within the Dodonaeoideae some anatomical studies have been performed ( Paoli and Sarti, 2008 ; Bibi et al, 2014 ; AL-Aani et al, 2016 ; Onuminya and Adediran, 2018 ), but no laticifers have been found. Similarly, within the Xanthoceroideae, a monotypic subfamily endemic to China ( Buerki et al, 2009 ), there are no reports of the presence of laticifers in the studies of floral anatomy of Xanthoceras ( Zhou et al, 2012 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance

et al. 2021

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Laticifer occurrence and structure are poorly known in Sapindaceae. Occurrence is likely underestimated owing to the low production of latex in most species. We investigated 67 species from 23 genera of Sapindaceae to verify laticifer occurrence and their structural, developmental and chemical features, as well as their evolutionary history in the family. Shoots were collected from herbarium and fresh specimens for histological analyses. Three characters derived from laticifer features were coded and their ancestral states reconstructed through Bayesian stochastic mapping and maximum likelihood estimation. Only articulated non-anastomosing laticifers were found in Sapindaceae. Laticifers differentiate early during shoot development and are found in the cortex, phloem, and pith. Latex is mostly composed of lipids. Callose and suberin were detected in laticifer cell walls in some genera. Reconstruction of laticifer ancestral states showed that laticifers are present in most clades of Sapindaceae with some reversals. Callose in the laticifer cell wall was found exclusively in Serjania and Paullinia (tribe Paullinieae), a character regarded as independently derived. Occurrence of laticifers in Sapindaceae is broader than previously reported. Articulated non-anastomosing laticifers had five independent origins in Sapindaceae with some secondary losses, occurring in five out of six genera of Paullinieae and 10 other genera outside Paullinieae. Particularly, callose in the laticifer cell wall evolved independently twice in the family, and its occurrence may be interpreted as a key-innovation that promoted the diversification of Paullinia and Serjania. Our study suggests that laticifer characters may be useful in understanding the generic relationships within the family.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance

et al. 2021

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“…Detailed observations have contributed to our knowledge, based on scanning electron microscopy studies (Figure 1) or simply using a binocular (Figure 2). In a second step, investigating floral anatomy allows testing the hypotheses whether the abortive organs are vascularized, or whether meiosis is completed (e.g., [44,45]). Describing the sexual system within a lineage requires conducting a comparative study within a taxon, looking at a representative sample of individuals and populations throughout its distribution area, as it is known that sexual systems can be influenced by seasonal and ecological constraints (e.g., [35,58]).…”

Section: Morphological and Anatomical Description Of Functionally Uni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…f. & Thomson (Lardizabalaceae) [77]; Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers (Menispermaceae) [46]; Ceratonia siliqua L. (Fabaceae) [72]; Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) [78]; Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) [79]; Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae) [80]; Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Sapindaceae) [45]; Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) [81]; Silene latifolia Poir. (Caryophyllaceae) [75].…”

Section: Diversity Of Ontogenic Pathways Leading To Functionally Unis...unclassified

“…In other cases, the developmental sequence is broken up in several stages and the time of morphological differentiation between both sexes is hence placed in a precise framework of developmental events. Zhou et al [45] showed that early developmental stages of the morphologically andromonoecious (Box 2) Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Sapindaceae) were identical in both sexes. Male and morphologically bisexual flowers started to differentiate at stage 8 (9 stages in all) when the style developed further in bisexual flowers, but not in male flowers (Figure 3).…”

Section: Diversity Of Ontogenic Pathways Leading To Functionally Unis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Evolution of Unisexual Flowers: A Review

Jabbour

Espinosa²,

Dejonghe

et al. 2022

Plants

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The development of unisexual flowers has been described in a large number of taxa, sampling the diversity of floral phenotypes and sexual systems observed in extant angiosperms, in studies focusing on floral ontogeny, on the evo-devo of unisexuality, or on the genetic and chromosomal bases of unisexuality. We review here such developmental studies, aiming at characterizing the diversity of ontogenic pathways leading to functionally unisexual flowers. In addition, we present for the first time and in a two-dimensional morphospace a quantitative description of the developmental rate of the sexual organs in functionally unisexual flowers, in a non-exhaustive sampling of angiosperms with contrasted floral morphologies. Eventually, recommendations are provided to help plant evo-devo researchers and botanists addressing macroevolutionary and ecological issues to more precisely select the taxa, the biological material, or the developmental stages to be investigated.

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“…sorbifolium belongs to Sapindaceae family and the only genus Xanthoceras that is a deciduous shrub or small tree and widely distributed in north China (Yu et al 2017). X. sorbifolium offers ecological, economical, ornamental, and pharmaceutical benefits (Zhou et al 2019). It is extremely cold-hardy and drought resistant; in addition, it could be used for new landscaping and as an ornamental tree due to its beautiful and colorful flowers (Wang et al 2017;Zhou et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Relationships Among 15 Xanthoceras Sorbifolium Cultivars Using SSR Markers and Phenotypic Traits

2022

THE JAPS

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Xanthoceras sorbifolium is an important plants used for biofuel production and woody edible oil, which is cultivated in northern China. A number of cultivars have been selected by breeders, but little information has been available about their genetic relationships. The genetic diversity among 15 X. sorbifolium cultivars were evaluated combined using the eight fruit and ten seed phenotypic traits and twenty-six SSR loci. Significant variations in all phenotypic traits studied were observed. The mean coefficient of variation for phenotypic traits was 11.86%, and seed traits (12.09%)> fruit traits (11.58%). Based on the phenotypic traits 14 cultivars (one cultivar was fruitless) were clustered in three main groups and five subgroups, and reasonable utilization of each subgroup was suggested. According the twenty-six SSR loci 97 genotypes and 89 alleles were detected. The mean value of number of alleles, polymorphism information content, gene diversity and Shannon's information index (I) were 3.4231, 0.4375,0.3104 and 0.4760, respectively, indicating that the genetic diversity was medium among 15 cultivars of X. sorbifolium. Based on genetic distance, the 15 cultivars were classified into three main groups with a coefficient of variation of 0.64. These results can provide a groundwork for future cultivar identification and breeding programs in X. sorbifolium.

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Floral development and the formation of functionally unisexual flowers in Xanthoceras sorbifolium (Sapindaceae), a morphologically andromonoecious tree endemic to northern China

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance

Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance

Development and Evolution of Unisexual Flowers: A Review

Genetic Relationships Among 15 Xanthoceras Sorbifolium Cultivars Using SSR Markers and Phenotypic Traits

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