Does the Optimal Dietary Methionine to Cysteine Ratio in Diets for Growing Chickens Respond to High Inclusion Rates of Insect Meal from Hermetia illucens?

Abstract

Simple SummaryCurrently, several alternative protein sources are under investigation for replacing soybean meal in poultry diets. One alternative is larvae meal of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) with a specific sulfur amino acid composition. The larvae meal is limiting in sulfur amino acids supply and provides a wide methionine:cysteine ratio of 61:39. Currently, it is not known whether the insect meal has an impact on the optimal ratio of methionine to cysteine in broiler chicken diets. The methionine:cysteine ratio significantly influences animal growth and welfare. Both methionine and cysteine excess and deficiency can lead to an impaired feed intake, growth, and feed efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the optimal methionine:cysteine ratio is modulated when a high inclusion rate of partly defatted Hermetia illucens meal is applied. The results show that a methionine:cysteine ratio of 50:50 yields superior growth and dietary protein quality. It can be concluded that the insect meal under study is a promising alternative protein source without modulating the optimal methionine:cysteine ratio in broiler chicken diets.AbstractThe dietary methionine:cysteine (Met:Cys) ratio (MCR) is an important factor influencing the optimal growth of chickens. Therefore, this study aimed to contribute to the assessment of the optimal dietary MCR in diets with the complete replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by a partly defatted larvae meal of Hermetia illucens (HM). A growth study with 240 male meat-type chickens (Ross 308) was conducted, also assessing the body nutrient deposition both at the end of the starter (day 21) and the grower (day 35) period. Birds were fed experimental diets based on wheat, maize, and insect meal (23%/21% HM in starter/grower diets). Sulfur amino acids were created as the limiting AA in diets with graded MCR (40:60; 45:55; 50:50; 55:45; 60:40). The control diet contained SBM instead of HM with a MCR of 50:50. The current results based on growth parameters, dietary protein quality, and Met efficiency data gave support to the previous assumption of an ideal MCR of 50:50, which was also valid in diets with a high proportion of insect meal. The lowest MCR of 40:60 led to significantly impaired feed intake and growth of the birds, while the response to the highest MCR (60:40) was moderate.

Impacts of selective logging on the oxidative status of tropical understorey birds

“…The synthesis of GSH in cells depends on the availability of the amino acid cysteine, which can be obtained directly from food or by metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine (Isaksson et al., 2011; Sikalidis et al., 2014). Animal proteins generally contain larger quantities of cysteine and methionine than plant proteins (Brede, Wecke, & Liebert, 2018; Wiesenborn, 2012). Thus, relative to omnivores, insectivorous birds could have a surplus of cysteine to relocate for cellular production of GSH.…”

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) as Dietary Source for Laying Quails: Live Performance, and Egg Physico-Chemical Quality, Sensory Profile and Storage Stability

“…The protein derived from this efficient insect is also rich in essential amino acids, and it showed an overall superior amino acid profile compared to soybean meal [5]. Furthermore, a recent study found that despite its high methionine: cysteine ratio (61:39), a complete replacement of soybean meal with BSF larva meal in broiler diets provided satisfactory outcomes without the need to modulate the optimal methionine: cysteine ratio [6]. But BSF larvae are not only a source of protein; in fact, they have a high fat content (up to 35%), and they are rich in minerals, among which Ca (5–8% dry matter -DM-) and P (0.6% to 1.5% DM) [4].…”

Increased Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids by Both Sows and Piglets Enhances the Ability of the Progeny to Adverse Effects Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

“…Livestock husbandry practices have prompted an expanded use of synthetic amino acids in animal diets to enhance the performance and carcass quality of livestock, as well as to minimize the environmental impact caused by nitrogen excretion [1][2][3][4]. This is true for methionine, which is an essential amino acid for all livestock species, and it is the first limiting amino acid in diets for poultry and the second or third limiting amino acid in the corn-soybean meal diets for pigs [5,6].…”