Docosahexaenoic Acid-rich Phospholipid Supplementation: Effect on Behavior, Learning Ability, and Retinal Function in Control and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficient Old Mice

Carrié, Isabelle; Smirnova, Maria; Clément, Michel; Jd, De; Frances, Henriette; Jm, Bourre

doi:10.1080/10284150290007074

Cited by 95 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Extracted oil and fat contains 34% (w/w) of phospholipids and the phospholipids are characterized by the composition of phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylethanolamine: lysophosphatidylcholine of 50%: 20%: 20% (w/w). Although it is unknown whether phospholipids in OLS are absorbed into the body without any change in the form, studies on DHA and DHA combined with phospholipids [2,4,14] suggest that OLS ingestion has an effect on brain function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ovary Lipid of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on Anxious Behavior in Rats

Ookawa

Mochizuki

Shida

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Ovary lipid of Skipjack tuna (OLS) (Katsuwonus pelamis) contains a high level of docosahexaenoic acid combined with phospholipids. In this study, we examined the effect of OLS in male Wistar rats given OLS mixed in feed (0.9%) for 42 days, using an animal model of anxiety, the elevated T-maze test. The avoidance latency at the 1st trial was significantly shorter in the OLS ingestion group than in the control group. Those at the 2nd and 3rd trials showed a similar tendency. There was almost no difference in escape latency at the 1st trial between the two groups but the escape latencies at the 2nd and 3rd trials tended to be longer in the OLS group. These results suggested that OLS inhibits anxious behavior in rats. KEY WORDS: anxiety, elevated T-maze test, ovary lipid.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Ovary Lipid of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on Anxious Behavior in Rats

Ookawa

Mochizuki

Shida

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…It is known that DHA is important for optimal nervous system function as significant deficiency states are associated with decreased behavioral function in animal models (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). N-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for mammals, that is, they cannot be synthesized de novo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Does the Developing Brain Obtain Its Docosahexaenoic Acid? Relative Contributions of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Body Stores in the Developing Rat

et al. 2005

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a 22-carbon, highly unsaturated, n-3 fatty acid, is important for optimal nervous system function. In this study, designed to quantify how preformed dietary DHA regulates metabolic pathways in vivo, 8-d-old rat pups were divided into four groups and fed artificial rat milk diets. One group was fed formula with deuterium-labeled LNA (d5-LNA) as the only source of n-3 fatty acids, and a second group was fed formula that contained d5-LNA and unlabeled DHA. Two additional groups were dam-reared to permit analysis of fatty acyl pool sizes at postnatal days 8 and 28. The dams were fed a diet that contained 3% unlabeled LNA. DHA in brain and liver was analyzed. Our study demonstrated that preformed DHA in the diet markedly decreased the amount of biosynthesized DHA that accumulated in the brain and the liver. Surprisingly, 40% of the DHA that was newly acquired during this period in the "LNA" group was unlabeled. Because there were no unlabeled n-3 fatty acids in this diet, this DHA must have been derived from body stores of n-3 fatty acids. Thus, body stores can be a significant source of brain DHA in animals that are fed LNA as the only source of n-3 fatty acids. Abbreviations AA, arachidonic acid DHA, docosahexaenoic acid d5-DHA, deuterium-labeled docosahexaenoic acid d5-LNA, deuterium labeled ␣-linolenic acid DPAn-6, docosapentaenoic acid EE, ethyl ester EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid GC, gas chromatography LCP, long-chain polyunsaturate LNA, ␣-linolenic acid MS, mass spectrometry Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a 22-carbon, highly unsaturated, n-3 fatty acid that accumulates in high concentrations in the brain and the retina. It is known that DHA is important for optimal nervous system function as significant deficiency states are associated with decreased behavioral function in animal models (1-8). N-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for mammals, that is, they cannot be synthesized de novo. However, longer chain n-3 fatty acids such as DHA can be biosynthesized in mammals from n-3 fatty acid precursors such as the 18-carbon n-3 fatty acid ␣-linolenic acid (LNA) (9 -13).An important question for essential fatty acid nutrition has been whether preformed dietary DHA is required or needs can be met with its precursor LNA. Although breast milk always contains DHA (14), until 2002, no infant formula that contained DHA was available in North America as n-3 fatty acids were supplied only in the form of LNA.Whether it is reasonable to expect metabolism of LNA to supply all of the DHA needed for brain and other organ growth remains unclear. Data from previous tracer studies show a marked neural tissue preference for preformed DHA over metabolized LNA during development (15,16). Furthermore, animals that ingest diets with high levels of LNA are unable to reach brain DHA levels of animals that ingest .This study therefore was designed to quantify the amount of brain and liver DHA derived from biosynthesis when preformed DHA was or was not available in the diet. It has been suggested that liver micro...

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“…As a result, emotional behavior (depressivelike symptoms and anxiety) as well as learning and memory are impaired as shown by us and others (Fedorova and Salem, 2006;Lafourcade et al, 2011;Moranis et al, 2011). On the opposite, positive effects of diet enriched in DHA on learning and memory have been demonstrated in laboratory animals (Gamoh et al, 1999;Yehuda et al, 1999;Carrie et al, 2002). During aging, the level and replacement of brain PUFAs decreases, particularly in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum and hypothalamus (figure 3).…”

Section: Consequences Of the Decrease In N-3 Pufas On Age-related Neumentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuroinflammation and aging: influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid

Layé

Delpech

Smedt-Peyrusse

et al. 2011

OCL

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Docosahexaenoic Acid-rich Phospholipid Supplementation: Effect on Behavior, Learning Ability, and Retinal Function in Control and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficient Old Mice

Cited by 95 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of Ovary Lipid of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on Anxious Behavior in Rats

Effect of Ovary Lipid of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on Anxious Behavior in Rats

Where Does the Developing Brain Obtain Its Docosahexaenoic Acid? Relative Contributions of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Body Stores in the Developing Rat

Neuroinflammation and aging: influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid

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