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ABSTRACT. Lipid extracted from the ovary of skipjack tuna by the method that we developed is rich in phospholipid-type docosahexaenoic acid. The ovary lipid of skipjack tuna (OLS) was studied for its anti-stress activity in male Wistar rats, focusing on stress-related blood components: recovery from stress was examined after application of water immersion restraint stress. As a result, serum corticosterone (CORT) secretion was inhibited and decreased rapidly after stress application in rats given OLS compared with control rats. As CORT acts as a glucocorticoid, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) is expected to increase by stress application. However, the concentration tended to be lower in rats given OLS than in control rats. With respect to OLS concentration, OLS increased serum dehydroepiandrosterone, secretion concentration-dependently. In addition, as with the recovery study, it tended to inhibit the increase in NEFA. These results indicate that OLS may have an anti-stress activity against acute stress. KEY WORDS: corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, docosahexaenoic acid, Ovary lipid, stress.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(1): 49-54, 2007 Ovaries removed from skipjack tuna as a processing byproduct in Shizuoka Prefecture contain 6-7% of lipid. Hiratsuka et al. have established a method of efficiently extracting oil and fat from the ovary of skipjack tuna (JP Laid-Open No. 2004-2663. Analysis using this method showed that 34% of oil and fat extracted from the ovary is phospholipid mainly consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylcoline. As for fatty acids, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content is the highest and DHA accounts for about 35% of the total. DHA, contained in fish oil at a high level, has been studied for a variety of functions including improvement of brain function, anti-inflammatory effects, antiatherogenic effects, cancer suppressing effects, retina reflection increasing effects, blood triglyceride decreasing effects, antiallergic effects, and antidiabetic effects [6,18].In today's so-called stress society, human is regularly exposed to various stresses. Companion animals are also exposed to various stresses. And, the stress can induce all kinds of mental disorder. There are attempts to reduce such stresses by taking foods and food ingredients ( We have performed experiments using ovary lipid of skipjack tuna, which is rich in DHA combined with phospholipids, to study anti-stress. In this study, we examined recovery from stress applied in rats using the levels of stress compounds in serum. We also examined the relationship between the concentration of ovary lipid of skipjack tuna and anti-stress.Corticosterone (CORT) is synthesized on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), which is one of the stress responses in rats, by stress in the adrenal glands and secreted into the blood. Secretion of CORT forms ulcers in the stomach through the mechanisms of increased gastric acid secretion, decreased gastric mucosal secretion, and impaired gastric mucosa re...

ABSTRACT. Ovary lipid of Skipjack tuna (OLS) (Katsuwonus pelamis) contains a high level of docosahexaenoic acid combined with phospholipids. In this study, we examined the effect of OLS in male Wistar rats given OLS mixed in feed (0.9%) for 42 days, using an animal model of anxiety, the elevated T-maze test. The avoidance latency at the 1st trial was significantly shorter in the OLS ingestion group than in the control group. Those at the 2nd and 3rd trials showed a similar tendency. There was almost no difference in escape latency at the 1st trial between the two groups but the escape latencies at the 2nd and 3rd trials tended to be longer in the OLS group. These results suggested that OLS inhibits anxious behavior in rats. KEY WORDS: anxiety, elevated T-maze test, ovary lipid.

ABSTRACT. Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats were discovered from SD rats and represent a confirmed spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus model. We investigated the effect of repeated stress in early childhood on SDT rats fed a high-fat diet, on locomotor activity and on the onset of diabetes mellitus. Regarding stress, a water immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) burden was applied 10 times every other day from 4 weeks of age. The results of the study showed, that the locomotor activity of the young SDT rats was clearly lower than that of the SD rats, and their locomotor activity was inferred to be congenitally low. In addition, the stress-burdened SDT rats showed delayed onset of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance compared with the rats not receiving stress burden. The locomotor activity of SDT rats is less than that of SD rats, and they SDT rats are thought to have poor at spontaneous energy expenditure. On the other hand, the feeding efficiency of the WIRS-burdened SDT rats was reduced, and in comparison with the SDT rats with no WIRS burden, energy expenditure was increased; this is suggested to influence the onset of diabetes mellitus. KEY WORDS: insulin, locomotor activity, Spontaneously Diabetic Torii rat, stress, type 2 diabetes mellitus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(2): 145-151, 2008 More than 95% of Japanese patients develop non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) due to a combination of various lifestyle habits, such as lack of exercise and stress, in addition to genetic factors. Because of this, various mouse and rat NIDDM models have been developed.Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats were discovered by Shinohara in 1988 from older male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and these rats display polyposia, polyphagia, polyuria, and urine glucose. An inbred strain was successfully produced in 1997, and its use as a non-obese diabetic animal model has since been established [15,16]. Blood glucose levels increase in male SDT rats from 20 weeks of age and become high, more than 700 mg/dL, at 30 weeks of age. Hypoinsulinemia is displayed from 25 weeks of age, and the level of triglycerides increases and hyperlipidemia is found after 35 weeks of age [15]. In addition, a reduction in glucose tolerance is noted at 16 weeks of age, and this impaired glucose tolerance has been confirmed to be an inherited recessive trait caused by a number of genes [2,3,15,16]. Compared with the GK rat [1], which is also a nonobese type model of moderate impaired glucose tolerance, the SDT rat has a high blood glucose level and increases in its blood glucose level are easy to observe.The stress reaction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) in rats leads to secretion of corticosterone (CORT) from the adrenal gland. Rodent CORT functions as a glucocorticoid (GC). GC has a carbohydrate metabolism effect since it inhibits use of sugar in the periphery, increases hepatic glycogen synthesis, and has an anti-insulin effects, such, as physiological functions, and has a close relationship with diabetes mellitus ...

In our previous experiments with rats, ovary lipid from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) (OLS) was shown to have a mitigating effect on anxiety and/or fear in elevated T-maze tests. This suggests that OLS has some effect on the central nervous system (CNS) of rats. Thus, we performed experiments to examine the status of CNS in rats given OLS. The effect of OLS on chronic stress was also examined at the same time. The feed for control rats used oil and fat that have the same energy percentages for n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the same n-6/n-3 ratio as OLS. As a result, rats given OLS for 28 days had lower serotonin levels in various brain areas regardless of stress application, showing that OLS affected the serotonin nervous system. From this, it was inferred that the ability of OLS to mitigate anxiety and/or fear resulted from its action on CNS, especially the serotonin nervous system. Substances other than the essential fatty acids may have been responsible for the action of OLS on monoamines and the metabolites. The effect of OLS on CNS, especially the serotonin nervous system, suggests that OLS may suppress anxiety.