Distúrbio específico de linguagem: a relevância do diagnóstico inicial

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a revisão de estudos sobre o distúrbio específico de linguagem quanto à percepção que a família apresenta deste distúrbio, formas clínicas e sua relação com os marcos evolutivos em linguagem. Pretende-se também analisar aspectos orgânicos e sociais relacionados tal distúrbio, co-morbidades, terapêuticas e prognóstico clínico. A pesquisa proposta teve como fonte de dados artigos dos últimos sete anos encontrados em revistas indexadas no Medline. Entre os dados encontrados, destacaram-se as percepções parentais acerca do distúrbio, a necessidade do diagnóstico do especialista de linguagem e a eficiência dos programas de intervenção precoce com agentes comunitários de saúde. Os dados analisados sugerem que marcos evolutivos de linguagem devem ser conhecidos e observados pelos profissionais da saúde que atendem à infância para detecção precoce deste distúrbio. O progresso terapêutico, a aprendizagem escolar e adaptação social podem ser maiores se a intervenção iniciar já ao segundo ano de vida.

Atraso de linguagem e desvio fonológico: um continuum ou duas patologia distintas?

“…This finding is consistent with the pathology of language delay, since the emergence of language occurs later, while language development starts within the expected period for phonological disorder, but there are changes in the phonological system 3,13,23 .…”

“…Given this outcome, it is worth noting that parents should be attentive to the emergence of the language of their children, because during the first years of life, significant acquisitions occur. Thus, the sooner early intervention occurs, the more effective it will be for the proper development of the child 4,13,14 .…”

Percepção da família e do terapeuta sobre a evolução de crianças em uma abordagem interdisciplinar de intervenção precoce

“…However, when the baby is born with any evident biological limit such as syndromes or neurological damage, or present evident language disorders without an evident lesion, as the Specific Language Impairment (SLI), characterized by several studies 3,4 , the imagery that the family has on child while good speaker may rupture and endanger also the parental bond with baby. Some studies show that this rupture in the parental bond with baby may have effects on the mother-child dialogue that turn out hamper the child insertion into routines in which dialogue allows exposure to language 5 .…”

“…It is known that babies with syndromes or evident neurological lesions are diagnosed early, but individuals with language specific disorders may have access to speech therapy only at the end of the second year of life when they are not talking 3 . Therefore, the parentbaby relationship may be compromised and psychosocial difficulties may be added to the biological limits of the baby during their development.…”

“…Therefore, the parentbaby relationship may be compromised and psychosocial difficulties may be added to the biological limits of the baby during their development. Furthermore, some research on development risk factors [6][7][8][9] show that psychosocial and socio-demographic may predispose to the onset of developmental disorders 6,7,9 , among which, the language is frequent factor, since babies with psychic and /or developing risk have lower initial speech production than babies without this risk 9 , besides important qualitative language difficulties in the first two years of life 3,10 . Therefore, it is fundamental detect any risk or abnormal development and be offered family support as well as early intervention, considering both the brain plasticity as minimize the effects of the condition that the baby presented at parent-infant relationship [10][11][12][13] .…”