Distribution, source and flux of methane in the western Pearl River Estuary and northern South China Sea

Zhou, Huaiyang; Yin, Xijie; Qinye, Yang; Wang, Hu; Wu, Zucheng; Bao, Shenxu

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2009.07.011

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The average F CH 4 value in the inner estuarine branches of the Mekong delta (118 µmol m −2 d −1 ) is within the range of values in European estuaries (17-1352 µmol m −2 d −1 ) compiled by Upstill-Goddard and Barnes (2016) but distinctly higher than the range of values for Indian estuaries (7-15 µmol m −2 d −1 ) reported by Rao and Sarma (2016). The F CH 4 in the Yangtze and Pearl river estuaries reported by Zhang et al (2008) and Zhou et al (2009) of 61 and 64 µmol m −2 d −1 , respectively, are also higher than the range of F CH 4 in Indian estuaries. The F CH 4 in the Mekong delta inner estuarine branches was higher than the value in the Yangtze River and Pearl River estuaries probably because of the lower intrusion of seawater into the Mekong delta (see above).…”

Section: Co 2 and Ch 4 Emissions To The Atmospheresupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Since then, CO 2 data coverage has tremendously increased with additional studies at subtropical and tropical latitudes (for example Sarma et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2012;Rao and Sarma, 2016) and in the large river-estuarine systems such as the Amazon (Lefèvre et al, 2017), the Mississippi , the Yangtze (Changjiang) (Zhai et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008), and the Pearl (Guo et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2009). The number of studies on CH 4 in estuarine and coastal environments has not increased in recent years as spectacularly as those concerning CO 2 , attracting less research efforts because the marine source of CH 4 to the atmosphere (0.4-1.8 TgCH 4 yr −1 ; Bates et al, 1996;Rhee et al, 2009) is very modest compared to other natural and anthropogenic CH 4 emissions (Kirschke et al, 2013); however, continental shelves and estuaries are more intense sources of CH 4 to the atmosphere than the open ocean, in particular shallow and permanently well-mixed coastal zones (Borges et al, 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta

2018

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Abstract. We report a data set of biogeochemical variables related to carbon cycling obtained in the three branches (M y Tho, Hàm Luông, Có Chiên) of the Mekong delta (Bén Tre province, Vietnam) in December 2003, April 2004, and October 2004. Both the inner estuary (upstream of the mouth) and the outer estuary (river plume) were sampled, as well as side channels. The values of the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) ranged between 232 and 4085 ppm, O 2 saturation level (%O 2 ) between 63 and 114 %, and CH 4 between 2 and 2217 nmol L −1 , within the ranges of values previously reported in temperate and tropical meso-and macro-tidal estuaries. Strong seasonal variations were observed. In the upper oligohaline estuary, low pCO 2 (479-753 ppm) and high %O 2 (98-106 %) values were observed in April 2004 most probably related to freshwater phytoplankton growth owing to low freshwater discharge (1400 m 3 s −1 ) and increase in water residence time; during the two other sampling periods with a higher freshwater discharge (9300-17 900 m 3 s −1 ), higher pCO 2 (1895-2664 ppm) and lower %O 2 (69-84 %) values were observed in the oligohaline part of the estuary. In October 2004, important phytoplankton growth occurred in the offshore part of the river plume as attested by changes in the contribution of particulate organic carbon (POC) to total suspended matter (TSM) (%POC) and the stable isotope composition of POC (δ 13 C-POC), possibly related to low TSM values (improvement of light conditions for phytoplankton development), leading to low pCO 2 (232 ppm) and high %O 2 (114 %) values. Water in the side channels in the Mekong delta was strongly impacted by inputs from the extensive shrimp farming ponds. The values of pCO 2 , CH 4 , %O 2 , and the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ 13 C-DIC) indicated intense organic matter degradation that was partly mediated by sulfate reduction in sediments, as revealed by the slope of total alkalinity (TA) and DIC covariations. The δ 13 C-POC variations also indicated intense phytoplankton growth in the side channels, presumably due to nutrient enrichment related to the shrimp farming ponds. A data set in the mangrove creeks of the Ca Mau province (part of the Mekong delta) was also acquired in April and October 2004. These data extended the range of variability in pCO 2 and %O 2 with more extreme values than in the Mekong delta (Bén Tre), with maxima and minima of 6912 ppm and 37 %, respectively. Similarly, the maximum CH 4 concentration (686 nmol L −1 ) was higher in the Ca Mau province mangrove creeks than in the Mekong delta (Bén Tre, maximum 222 nmol L −1 ) during the October 2004 cruise (rainy season and high freshwater discharge period). In April 2004 (dry season and low freshwater discharge period), the CH 4 values were much lower than in October 2004 (average 19 ± 13 and 210 ± 158 nmol L −1 , respectively) in the Ca Mau province mangrove creeks, owing to the higher salinity (average 33.2 ± 0.6 and 14.1 ± 1.2, respectively) that probably led to higher sedim...

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Section: Co 2 and Ch 4 Emissions To The Atmospheresupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta

2018

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“…This very large amount of the fresh water was brought by the Super-typhoon Haitang (category 5 on the hurricane scale) close to this area one week before the research cruise, causing intense precipitation and increased river discharge. reported by Zhou et al (2009). This result indicates that the high surface CH 4 concentration in domain B was caused by fresh water inputs, as was also reported in other areas such as the North Sea (Scranton and McShane, 1991;Rehder et al, 1998;Upstill-Goddard et al, 2000).…”

Section: Ch 4 Sources In the Surface Layer Of The Scssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Chen and Tseng (2006), Chen et al (2008aChen et al ( , 2008b and Zhou et al (2009) reported the CH 4 distribution in the water column of the SCS but the study was only local. Here, for the first time we investigated the CH 4 distribution throughout the SCS and the wPS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane in the South China Sea and the Western Philippine Sea

Tseng

Chen

Borges

et al. 2017

Continental Shelf Research

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“…The PRE has been a hot spot for research in recent decades (Li et al 2000;Liu et al 2003;Ip et al 2007;Zhou et al 2009;Yu et al 2010Yu et al , 2012. Because of the heavy metal toxicity to aquatic and benthonic organisms and the subsequent effects on humans, the geochemical behavior and pollution assessment of heavy metals account for a large fraction of these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary, South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

Yang

Liu

Chen

et al. 2014

Environ Monit Assess

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Twenty-four major and trace elements and the mineralogical composition of four sediment cores along the Pearl River and estuary were analyzed using ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate contamination levels. The dominant minerals were quartz, kaolinite, and illite, followed by montmorillonite and feldspars, while small amounts of halite and calcite were also observed in a few samples. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to identify the element sources. The highest metal concentrations were found at Huangpu, primarily due to wastewater treatment plant discharge and/or the surreptitious dumping of sludge, and these data differed from those of other sources. Excluding the data from Huangpu, the PCA showed that most elements could be considered as lithogenic; few elements are the combination of lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. An antagonistic relationship between the anthropogenic source metals (K, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Tl, and U) and marine source metals (Na, Mg, Ti, V, and Ca) was observed. The resulting normalized Al enrichment factor (EF) indicated very high or significant pollution of Cd, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb at Huangpu, which may cause serious environmental effects. Conflicting results between the PCA and EF can be attributed to the background values used, indicating that background values must be selected carefully.

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Distribution, source and flux of methane in the western Pearl River Estuary and northern South China Sea

Cited by 44 publications

References 61 publications

Carbon dynamics and CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> outgassing in the Mekong delta

Carbon dynamics and CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> outgassing in the Mekong delta

Methane in the South China Sea and the Western Philippine Sea

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary, South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

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Distribution, source and flux of methane in the western Pearl River Estuary and northern South China Sea

Cited by 44 publications

References 61 publications

Carbon dynamics and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; outgassing in the Mekong delta

Carbon dynamics and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; outgassing in the Mekong delta

Methane in the South China Sea and the Western Philippine Sea

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary, South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

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Product

Resources

About

Carbon dynamics and CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> outgassing in the Mekong delta

Carbon dynamics and CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> outgassing in the Mekong delta