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a b s t r a c tDespite their moderately sized surface area, continental marginal seas play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, as they receive huge amounts of upwelled and riverine inputs of carbon and nutrients, sustaining a disproportionate large biological activity compared to their relative surface area. A synthesis of worldwide measurements of the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) indicates that most open shelves in the temperate and high-latitude regions are under-saturated with respect to atmospheric CO 2 during all seasons, although the low-latitude shelves seem to be over-saturated. Most inner estuaries and near-shore coastal areas on the other hand are over-saturated with respect to atmospheric CO 2 . The scaling of air-sea CO 2 fluxes based on pCO 2 measurements and carbon massbalance calculations indicate that the continental shelves absorb atmospheric CO 2 ranging between 0.33 and 0.36 Pg C yr À1 that corresponds to an additional sink of 27% to $30% of the CO 2 uptake by the open oceans based on the most recent pCO

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Abstract-Dissolved salts affect the thermodynamic properties of lake waters. Equations are given to calculate the following properties over the range of O-O.6 salinity, O"-30°C and O-180 bars: density, thermal expansibility, temperature of maximum density, maximum density and minimum specific volume, isothermal compressibility, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat at constant volume, sound speed, adiabatic compressibility, freezing point, adiabatic temperature gradient, and static stability. Chen and Miller0 (1977a, b) pointed out