Disposition of Benzyl Alcohol After Topical Application to Human Skin in vitro

Two‐stage kinetic analysis of fragrance evaporation and absorption from skin

“…1c, Method 3). The modified models were able to better represent the kinetics of the evaporation and absorption processes for a model fragrance ingredient applied to human skin in vitro [5]. In this report, we show that the two‐compartment models also improve the kinetic description of evaporation rates measured on human skin in vivo , using the previously analysed study of Vuilleumier et al .…”

“…The parameters in each model were sequentially optimized by the method described previously [5]. The order of optimization was \mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{T}}_{2} followed by simultaneous determination of the other parameters.…”

“…where \mathrm{k}\,=\,\mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{T}}_{2}/\mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{v}}_{1} and \mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{r}}\,=\,\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{vpr}}\mathrm{MW}^{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{r}}/(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{oct}}\cdot\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{w}})}{_{\mathrm{r}}. The variation of \mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{v}}_{1} and \mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{T}}_{2} with airflow and temperature are discussed in [5] and [3], respectively. In this report, these conditions do not vary; thus, \mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{v}}_{1} and \mathrm{k}^{\mathrm{T}}_{2} are treated as constants to be determined from the data.…”

“…The method was used to correlate the evaporated fractions of each component of a 12‐component fragrance mixture from human volar forearm [4] with physicochemical properties. More recently, we have extended this approach by explicitly considering the dry‐down process immediately following application to the skin [5]. This was accomplished by adding a second compartment to the kinetic model to represent the solution or formulation applied to the skin surface.…”

Evaporation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) from selected cosmetic products: Implications for consumer exposure modeling

“…Acknowledging the fact that consumer products designed for topical applications are usually complex and often non-aqueous systems containing multiple ingredients, researchers attempted to investigate the influence of the formulation on dermal absorption (Reifenrath and Robinson, 1982;Saiyasombati and Kasting, 2003) and evaporation (Nihi et al, 2009;Vuilleumier et al, 1995) for a range of VOCs. Several studies were also conducted for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) (Jovanovic et al, 2008;Koini et al, 1999;Reddy et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2011), a highly lipophilic (logK ow = 8.0) and volatile (P = 33 Pa at 25°C) compound that is incorporated into a variety of C&PCPs as a carrier solvent and emollient (Dudzina et al, 2014;Horii and Kannan, 2008;Wang et al, 2009).…”