Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on self-assembling, ionic liquid-coated magnetic particles for the determination of clofentezine and chlorfenapyr in environmental water samples

Abstract

Two ionic liquid-coated-Fe3O4 magnetic particles (IL-Fe3O4 MPs) were developed for use in two types of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) for the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of clofentezine and chlorfenapyr in environmental water samples. Self-assembling IL-Fe3O4 MPs were used in D-μ-SPE as adsorbents. Two D-μ-SPE extraction methods, namely, direct dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (d-D-μ-SPE) and in situ solvent formation-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (ISF-D-μ-SPE), were proposed, using [C8MIM][PF6] to extract analytes through two pathways. Lower IL doses were required in the extraction process compared with those in other IL-based methods. Fe3O4 MPs can also be recycled and reused after extraction and are thus environmentally friendly. These newly developed methods were demonstrated to be feasible for use in the quantitation of clofentezine and chlorfenapyr at trace levels, with lower limit of detection values ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 ng mL(-1) for d-D-μ-SPE and 0.4 ng mL(-1) for ISF-D-μ-SPE. Finally, relative standard deviations of less than 6.0% were obtained.

Microwave-assisted preparation of poly(ionic liquids)-modified magnetic nanoparticles for pesticide extraction

“…D, extraction efficiencies for the four analytes decreased after the addition of NaCl. This is possibly because the added salt enhances the solubility of the immobilized PIL in the aqueous phase . Given that extraction relies on a hydrophobic interaction between the analytes and magnetic material, the present results are reasonable.…”

“…Various techniques such as SPE and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) have been adapted for this purpose. Traditional SPE or SPME usually require a long equilibration time because of the limited rate of inter‐ and intraparticle diffusion and mass transfer of the analytes , which is disadvantageous for achieving high extraction efficiency. A new mode of SPE based on Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles has emerged over the past two decades .…”

A novel strategy for spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline based on derivation with a quinonoid compound in serum samples

“…A relatively new development in this field is the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which is the so-called magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). The MSPE has some advantages such as excellent adsorption efficiency, rapid separation from the matrix through external magnetic field without retaining residual magnetization after its removal, and has recently exhibited significant advantages in separation science [26][27][28]. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -ionic liquid (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -IL) is composed of a core-shell structure with a core of dense and globular magnetic nanoparticles, and a SiO 2 -IL shell that the magnetic property of the core solved the separation difficulty, while the shell-type mesoporous structure shortens the diffusion path, and increases the effective area for adsorption [29,30].…”

Dicationic polymeric ionic‐liquid‐based magnetic material as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of organophosphate pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…Magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) is based on magnetic particles as adsorbent that makes the sample preparation procedure simple and fast. In MSPE, target analytes are adsorbed on the surface of magnetic particles and separated from the sample solution by an external magnetic force . To provide more interaction sites and increase the adsorption efficiency of the target compounds, modification of Fe 3 O 4 magnetic particles with various specific functional ligands was explored .…”