Microwave-assisted preparation of poly(ionic liquids)-modified magnetic nanoparticles for pesticide extraction

Abstract

Novel poly(ionic liquids) were synthesized and immobilized on prepared magnetic nanoparticles, which were used to extract pesticides from fruit and vegetable samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Compared with monomeric ionic liquids, poly(ionic liquids) have a larger effective contact area and higher viscosity, so they can achieve higher extraction efficiency and be used repeatedly without a decrease in analyte recovery. The immobilized poly(ionic liquids) were rapidly separated from the sample matrix, providing a simple approach for sample pretreatment. The nature and volume of the desorption solvent and amount of poly(ionic liquid)-modified magnetic material were optimized for the extraction process. Under optimum conditions, calibration curves were linear (R(2) > 0.9988) for pesticide concentrations in the range of 0.100-10.000 μg/L. The relative standard deviations for repeated determinations of the four analytes were 2.29-3.31%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.29-0.88 and 0.97-2.93 μg/L, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the developed poly(ionic liquid)-modified material is an effective absorbent to extract pesticides from fruit and vegetable samples.

Poly(ionic liquid) composites

“…96 Such good performance was benefited by the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction (main interaction), hydrogen bonding, and p-p interaction between PIL/PDA and MB, as well as the magnetic NPs for recycling. Similarly, the trimethoxysilane terminated PIL-anchored core-shell Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 NP composite was explored as an effective adsorbent to extract pesticides from fruits and vegetables, 97 or extract sulfonylurea herbicides from soil. 98 In addition to magnetic Fe 3 O 4 NP-based PIL composites, other functional metal oxide NPs, e.g., V x O y , TiO 2 , and La 2 O 2 CO 3 with controlled shapes and sizes, have also been utilized as constituent materials for PIL composites.…”

Microwave-Based Technique for Fast and Reliable Extraction of Organic Contaminants from Food, with a Special Focus on Hydrocarbon Contaminants

“…Up till now use of ILs in combination with MAE (followed by D-µ-SPE or DLLME), has been only described for the extraction of pesticides from food [57,58,59]. An interesting example regards the use of poly(ionic liquids) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles, used to extract pesticides from fruits and vegetable samples [60].…”

New Developments in Material Preparation Using a Combination of Ionic Liquids and Microwave Irradiation

“…Based on the hydrophilicity and good extraction efficiency of some PILs, Yang’s team designed. PIL-modified magnetic nanomaterials under microwave assistance for pesticide and phthalate esters extraction [114,115]. PIL (1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide)-functionalized modified polystyrene magnetic nanospheres (PILs-PMNP) were synthesized by a one-pot copolymerization reaction under microwave irradiation for 4 h. PILs-PMNPs were designed for magnetic solid-phase extraction (SPE) to extract and concentrate phthalate esters from beverages.…”

“…These PILs-PMNPs demonstrated outstanding adsorption ability toward traces of PAE analytes compared with polystyrene-modified magnetic nanospheres. Yang et al also designed PIL-modified magnetic nanoparticles based on a dispersion SPE method, which was combined with HPLC–UV to detect trace levels of pesticides in fruits and vegetables [115]. PIL materials could also be reused multiple times.…”