Diseases of the Nervous System

MacKay, Robert J.; Middleton, John R.; Aleman, Monica R

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00035-5

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1,307 publications

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“…Listeria monocytogenes infection (commonly known as ‘circling disease’) is well recognised in ruminant species but is considered rare in horses (Hoelzer et al., 2012; Mackay et al., 2020). The clinical signs seen in ruminants are typically related to unilateral or bilateral brainstem and cranial nerve deficits, which often manifests as leaning and/or circling to one side, drooling, head tilting, ear drooping and facial paralysis (Oevermann, Di Palma, et al., 2010; Oevermann, Zurbriggen, & Vandevelde, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeria monocytogenes encephalitis in a donkey foal

Jula,

Buechner‐Maxwell,

Southard

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryThis is the first known case report of encephalitic listeriosis in a donkey (Equus asinus). A 5‐day‐old female donkey foal presented for fever, progressive weakness and loss of suckle reflex. Upon arrival, its vital parameters were normal, but the foal was collapsed. It had horizontal nystagmus, front limb paddling, minimal response to stimuli, prolapse of the left third eyelid and curling the neck to the left when in sternal recumbency. Samples collected for diagnostic evaluation included blood and cerebral spinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a pleocytosis consisting mainly of nondegenerative neutrophils and a normal protein concentration. Bacteria were not seen on Gram stain. After 24 h of treatment with intravenous fluids, anti‐inflammatories, antibiotics, nasogastric feedings of the dam's milk and supplemental nasal oxygen, little improvement was observed and the owners elected to euthanise the foal. Post‐mortem examination revealed multifocal, irregularly distributed hepatic necrosis and multifocal lymphohistiocytic encephalitis. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from a section of brainstem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeria monocytogenes encephalitis in a donkey foal

Jula,

Buechner‐Maxwell,

Southard

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Another common recommendation to detect arterial flow is placing the needle in the direction of the venous blood flow (pointing the needle towards the heart), but this technique was not performed by any of our respondents. Lastly, the use of large bore needles (14‐16G) has also been suggested to allow for easier detection of pulsation flow and assessment of blood colour (Christian et al, 1974; Mackay et al, 2020). In this survey, all participants used smaller bore needles (≥18 G).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carotid artery provides blood supply to the ocular structures and the circle of Willis via the internal carotid artery, and thence to the ipsilateral thalamus and rostral and middle cerebrum (Mackay et al, 2020). Therefore, seizures and neurological signs are expected to be primary signs of this complication in large animal species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintentional intracarotid injections in the horse—15 cases (2010–2020)

González‐Medina

Nout‐Lomas

Landolt

2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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The jugular vein is the most used site for venipuncture and drug administration in equids. The frequent administration of intravenous medications in these veins and its anatomical proximity to the carotid artery can lead to unintentional intracarotid injections. Both vascular structures run parallel through the neck jugular groove between the sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus muscles, with the carotid artery situated medially to the jugular vein (Barone, 2012;Sisson et al., 1975). If the two vessels are followed from the head to

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“…[ 2 , 4 ], and Escherichia coli [ 13 , 27 ]. Generally, NBSM is caused by septicemia from the dissemination of invasive bacteria from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts or umbilical cord [ 19 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It was unknown from where K. pneumoniae invaded No. 2, however, based on the neutrophilic infiltration in the liver and spleen, K. pneumoniae would be transferred into the CNS hematogenously [ 19 ]. The results of immunohistochemical staining and PCR suggested that K. pneumoniae invaded the CNS of No.…”

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confidence: 99%