Direct liquid sample introduction for flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography with inductively coupled, argon plasma spectrometric detection

Lawrence, Kimberly E.; Rice, Gary W.; Fassel, Velmer A.

doi:10.1021/ac00266a038

Cited by 161 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…A dramatic decrease in the sensitivity was found above this rate, which was attributed to the increase in solvent loading or in the mean drop size. A similar trend was found in ICP-AES but the signal peaked at 160 µl/min [195].…”

Section: Direct Injection Nebulizer (Din)supporting

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sample introduction systems for the analysis of liquid microsamples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

Todolı́

Mermet²

2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

131

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Section: Direct Injection Nebulizer (Din)supporting

confidence: 81%

“…This solution was first tried by Greendfiled et al in the 1960s [2] and by Fassel and coworkers twenty years ago [195,196]. These authors introduced the so called direct injection nebulizer (DIN).…”

Section: Aerosol Direct Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample introduction systems for the analysis of liquid microsamples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

Todolı́

Mermet²

2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

131

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show abstract

“…In contrast, a high-sensitivity analytical system for trace elements in ultralow volume samples, such as specic living cells, is expected to provide insight into cancer generation mechanisms and differentiation processes of pluripotent cells. Direct injection nebulizers (DINs) [4][5][6] and direct injection high-efficiency nebulizers (DIHENs) [7][8][9][10][11] have been developed to reduce sample consumption. These nebulizers reduce the memory effect and enhance the sample introduction efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pulse-synchronized microplasma atomic emission spectroscopy system for ultrasmall sample analysis

Iwai

Okumura

Kakegawa

et al. 2014

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Regenerative medicine and environmental science require the analysis of ultrasmall samples such as cells and nanoparticles. Therefore, a microplasma atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) system was developed in this study. This system combined microdroplet injection, which can introduce a small droplet of a few tens of picoliters into a plasma excitation/ionization source, with a microhollow cathode plasma source exhibiting a volume of a few microliters. When a 14 pL droplet of 100 mg L À1 sodium solution was introduced into an 8 W DC microplasma, no emission was observed possibly because of an insufficient excitation of the sample at low plasma gas temperature. Therefore, a pulsed discharge, producing highintensity electric input power, was implemented to give a pulse-synchronized microplasma AES system.A 15 ms pulsed power reaching a maximum value of 100 kW was obtained using a laboratory-built highintensity pulsed power supply and was applied to generate the plasma. This system achieved an excitation temperature of 7000 K, exceeding that of the common inductively coupled plasma. Pulsed plasma generation and sample droplet introduction into the plasma were synchronized to provide a high-sensitivity AES analysis. To this end, the time interval before the end of the generation and the beginning of the pulsed plasma generation was adjusted using a delay circuit. The optimal delay amounted to 40 ms. A droplet comprising Na, Ca, Mg, and K at 100 mg L À1 was analyzed using this system and the limits of detection equaled 300, 50, 30, and 640 fg for these analytes, respectively.

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“…The so-called Direct Injection Nebulizer (DIN) does not use any spray chamber prior to the plasma [62]. The DIN tip [63][64] is located at a few millimetres below the plasma base, which promotes the use of micro-bore HPLC columns because all the column effluent is introduced into the plasma [30]. Therefore, they offer a 100%…”

Section: Direct Injection Nebulizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation analysis by small-bore HPLC coupled to ICP-MS

Grotti

Terol

Todolı́

2014

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Although HPLC-ICPMS has established itself as the analytical technique of choice for elemental speciation analysis, there are some remaining limitations, mainly concerning post-column dispersion effects and the degradation of the ICP stability and ionization efficiency due to organic or saline mobile phases. The application of small-bore columns in conjunction with low dead-volume interfaces proved very useful for overcoming these problems, since they can provide lower matrix load and reduced peak dispersion, along with minimization of sample size and solvent consumption, faster chromatographic separations, better resolution and sensitivity.Since, more work is expected to be reported in this area, we review recent research in the field of speciation analysis by small-bore HPLC coupled to ICPMS, with the emphasis on significant advances in methods and instrumentation, relevant applications and current limitations.

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Direct liquid sample introduction for flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography with inductively coupled, argon plasma spectrometric detection

Cited by 161 publications

References 10 publications

Sample introduction systems for the analysis of liquid microsamples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

Sample introduction systems for the analysis of liquid microsamples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

A pulse-synchronized microplasma atomic emission spectroscopy system for ultrasmall sample analysis

Speciation analysis by small-bore HPLC coupled to ICP-MS

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