Dinamika Perikanan Pelagis Kecil Dengan Pukat Cincin Di Perairan Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera

Abstract

Sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil hasil tangkapan pukat cincin di perairan Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap produksi perikanan di wilayah tersebut setelah ikan pelagis besar. Supaya pemanfaatannya berkelanjutan maka diperlukan upaya pengelolaan sumber daya ikan berdasarkan kajian perikanan dan biologinya. Data bulanan selama Maret sampai Desember 2018 dikumpulkan dari TPI Lampulo (Banda Aceh) dan Sibolga (Sumatera Utara), bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan menganalisis tentang dimensi alat tangkap, daerah penangkapan ikan, komposisi hasil tangkapan, frekuensi ukuran ikan dan upaya penangkapan (hasil per unit upaya, CPUE). Selanjutnya data biologi ikan dianalisis dengan metode analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan dimensi pukat cincin yang digunakan. Jenis ikan layang (Decapterus macarellus) merupakan hasil tangkapan dominan yang didaratkan di PPS Lampulo (Banda Aceh) dan PPN Sibolga (Sumatera Utara), masing-masing sebesar 82,2% dan 51 % dari total produksi ikan tahun 2018 di daerah tersebut. Jenis lainnya meliputi: lemuru (Sardinella lemuru), selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis), sunglir (Elagatis bipinnulata), kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta), tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) dan selar bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus) dengan proporsi berkisar antara 4,8 – 28 %. Daerah penangkapan ikan semakin jauh dari biasanya. Panjang pertama kali tertangkap (length at first capture, Lc) ikan layang sebesar 24 cmFL, selar bentong 17 cmFL dan tembang 16 cmFL. Hasil per unit upaya (CPUE) pukat cincin di TPI Lampulo dan Sibolga masing-masing sebesar 263 kg/hari dan 316 kg/hari. Small pelagic fish resources caught by purse seiners in the Indian Ocean west off Sumatera contribute an important fish production in those areas after large pelagic fish. Management of fish resources based on fishery and biological informations need to be done to optimize its utilization. Monthly data collected during March to December 2018 were obtained at landing places of Lampulo (Banda Aceh) and Sibolga (North Sumatera). The aims of this research were to determine of dimention of fishing gear, fishing grounds, catch composition, size frequencies of fish and catch per unit of effort (CPUE). The data of characteristic biology were analyzed using an analytical model. The results showed that dimention in length and depth of purse seine has changed. Round scad (Decapterus macarellus) as dominant fish landed at Lampulo and Sibolga landing places with 82.2% and 51 % of total production, respectively. The rest, with proportions ranged between 4.8 to 28.0% included sardine (Sardinella lemuru), yellow stripe trevally (Selaroides leptolepis), Rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata), Bigeye scad (Selar crumenopthalmus). At present, fishing grounds are getting further from the coast. Length at first capture (Lc) of D. macarellus was 24 cmFL, S. fimbriata was 17 cmFL, and S. crumenophthalmus was 16cmFL. The catch per unit of effort by purse seiners in Lampulo and Sibolga were 263 kg/day and 316 kg/day, respectivelly.

Stock Health Bioindicator of Skipjack Tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) From Purse Seine Fishery in Western Part of Sumatra

“…A similar pattern also appeared in the southern (Zedta et al, 2017) and eastern part of Indonesian waters (Nugraha & Mardlijah, 2017). However, it is still unclear how the mean length from Kutaraja was smaller than Sibolga when utilizing a similar configuration (Yusuf et al, 2020), probably due to the fishers in Kutaraja using the shorter version of the purse seine. In general, the average length size from all locations was relatively smaller than those collected from Pacitan, East Java (Yusuf et al, 2019) and Manado, North Sulawesi (Kekenusa et al, 2012), even though using the same gear type.…”

“…Estimated b values from both locations were higher than three as the threshold value, which indicated a positive allometry growth pattern (i.e., the incremental weight gain is more significant than its length). The similarities were likely caused by the indifferences in gear used, whereas Rahmah et al (2021); Rizwan et al (2014); Yusuf et al (2020) all confirmed that fishers from Sibolga and Kutaraja use almost identical purse seine configurations (including its mesh size). Thus, it's generated in a reasonably consistent catch size across the year of observations due to selectivity constraint, as shown in Table 1.…”

Tingkat Kesesuaian Daerah Penangkapan Ikan Purse Seine Di PPN Sibolga Terhadap Regulasi Pengelolaan Perikanan

“…Penelitian Yusuf et al (2020) yang menyebutkan bahwa secara umum penangkapan ikan oleh kapal pelagis kecil pukat rapat di PPN Sibolga dilakukan di wilayah coastal dan teritorial Indonesia yang merupakan daerah sebaran ikan pelagis kecil di sekitar perairan Simeulue, Pulau Banyak, Pulau Nias. Sementara itu, apabila mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 58 Tahun 2020, bahwa kapal penangkap ikan berukuran 30-100 GT diberikan daerah penangkapan ikan di perairan kepulauan dan ZEEI atau wajib > 12 mil.…”

“…Hutapea et al (2023), menyebutkan bahwa sebanyak 85 % responden menyatakan kapal pelagis kecil pukat rapat di Sibolga menangkap ikan < 3 spesies dengan ukuran yang berbeda. Penelitian Yusuf et al (2020) Hasil dari skoring kriteria daerah penangkapan ikan (DPI) potensial pada purse seine pukat tongkol berukuran 30-100 GT pada Tabel 6, menunjukkan bahwa dominan responden dengan bobot tertinggi 5 berada pada 1 kriteria saja yaitu tingkat kesulitan menemukan spesies target dengan sub kriteria spesies target mudah ditemukan dan spot penangkapan relatif konstan. Alat tangkap purse seine dengan ukuran kapal 98 yang berpangkalan di PPN Sibolga, memiliki daerah penangkapan sejauh 70 mil dari pulau terluar Sumatera (Sari et al 2022).…”

The social-ecological dynamic of small-scale fisheries in Coastal Area of Dumai City

“…In comparison, fishing operations are carried out for 3-5 days in one fishing effort for gillnets. One of the factors that can affect fishing activities is the amount of fishing effort made by fishermen in reaching fishing areas [12]. The following is a breakdown of The development and increase in the production of fishing products is determined by several things, including the size of the ship, fishing technology, engine strength, and fishing aids.…”