Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and <scp>HIV</scp> co‐infection: A case report and review of the literature

Kassardjian, A.; Yim, Kaitlyn; Rabi, Sina; Liang, Tom; Kim, Gene; Ochoa, Martín; Sattah, Martin V.; Ahronowitz, Iris

doi:10.1111/cup.13993

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Leishmaniasis acts as an opportunistic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and leads to the progression of HIV-specific clinical features affecting the life expectancy of individuals. Leishmania takes advantage of the suppressed immune system, thus comprehensively causing exaggerated clinical symptoms [ 231 , 232 ].…”

Section: Coinfection and Unusual Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Observations in Leishmaniasis—An Overview

et al. 2023

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Leishmaniasis significantly affects the population of the tropics and subtropics. Clinical features and infective species of Leishmania are the primary factors driving the direction of diagnosis. The rise in incidences of atypical presentations present a challenge in patient treatment. Knowledge of unusual/rare presentations can aid in having a broader perspective for including the different aspects during the examination and thus avoid misdiagnosis. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to present the array of atypical presentations confounding clinicians which have been seen in leishmaniasis. Case reports of unusual findings based on the localizations and morphology of lesions and infective species and the predominant geographical sites over almost five decades highlight such presentations in the population. Information regarding the clinical features recorded in the patient and the chosen treatment was extracted to put forward the preferred drug regimen in such cases. This comprehensive review presents various unusual observations seen in visceral leishmaniasis, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. It highlights the need to consider such features in association with differential diagnosis to facilitate proper treatment of the patient.

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Section: Coinfection and Unusual Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Observations in Leishmaniasis—An Overview

et al. 2023

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“…Hence, the clinical pictures of CL-HIV co-infection are determined by the interplay between the parasite species and host cell-mediated immune reaction giving the opportunity to ameliorate the clinical picture or trigger atypical presentation of CL and occurrence of reactivated CL lesions (24). Therefore, the clinical variants of CL in these patients are protean such as diffuse cutaneous, sporotrichoid, contact dermatitis-like, psoriasiform, erysipeloid, warty, impetigo-like, zosteriform, acneiform, and eczematoid variant (24)(25)(26)(27). Officially, contaminated blood brought the AIDS/HIV disease to Iraq in 1986, primarily affecting hemophilic patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is the Clinical Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Justified in Endemic Regions?

Al-Mendalawi

2023

Al-Kindy Col. Med. J

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Leishmaniasis is a transmissible infection brought about by an obligatory intracellular protozoan from the genus Leishmania. It occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions and can be burdensome in resource-constrained countries. The infection ranges in severity from mild cutaneous lesions to more severe and sometimes life-threatening visceral and distorting mucocutaneous sicknesses. Importantly, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is prevalent in the Middle East with a pooled prevalence of 12%. It imposes a significant health and socioeconomic burden

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A rare form of leishmaniasis, identified in the Russian Federation

Artamonova

Monchakovskaya

Kubanov

et al. 2023

Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii

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Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterized by an inadequate immune response of the host cells to parasitic invasion (weak T-helper (Th)1 response or Th2 response with the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10). The characteristic features of the disease include diffuse nodular eruption, masquerading as leprosy and a frequent association with immunosuppression (HIV co-infection, for example). The Russian Federation is a non-endemic country for leishmaniasis, but this disease can be brought into the country by tourists, immigrants, refugees and military personnel. A clinical case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection is presented. The patient was a citizen of Uzbekistan, a country endemic for leishmaniasis. The authors were unable to find domestic scientific publications describing cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis detected in the Russian Federation. The presented clinical case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with HIV is the first in the Russian literature.

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Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV co‐infection: A case report and review of the literature

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Unusual Observations in Leishmaniasis—An Overview

Unusual Observations in Leishmaniasis—An Overview

Is the Clinical Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Justified in Endemic Regions?

A rare form of leishmaniasis, identified in the Russian Federation

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