Different sources of silicon in the embryonic development and in the hatching of Meloidogyne javanica

Abstract

Silicon is the main objective of many researchers whose goal is to see its use as an inductor resistance. The action of the inductor happens in the plants, where it does not affect the pathogen directly, but the effect will contribute for its control. Therefore, the main objective of this report was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the embryonic development and the hatching of Meloidogyne javanica. For this, three sources of silicon (Silifort ® , Rocksil ® and wollastonite) in the dosage 0 (distilled water), ½, 1 and 2x the producer indication, resulting in a factorial 3 x 4, were evaluated in two different times. In Petri dishes were add 1 ml of suspension with 1500 eggs, and eventually juveniles of M. javanica, and 9 ml of treatment, which were evaluated, in Peters chambers, the percentage of eggs one, two, tetra and multicellular, eggs containing juvenile formed, and the hatched in a period of three days and seven days after the incubation (DAI). The wollastonite had stimulated the embryonic developments, as the increase of the dosage, were not seen with the Silifort ® and Rocksil ® experiments. The increase in the dosage of wollastonite caused stimulus to the hatching in 3 DAI, while Silifort ® caused the reduction of hatching in 3 DAI in both experiments. In 7 DAI, there was a reduction of hatching of juveniles exposed to Silifort ® and Rocksil ® , in the experiments 1 and 2, respectively.

Resistance induction efficiency of silicon dioxide against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

“…Sousa et al (2013), studying the infection processes of Puricularia oryzae (Cooke) Sacc in wheat fertilized with Si, observed that the presence of Si reduced the symptoms of the disease in wheat leaves, emphasizing the possibly that, in the areas where the Si concentration was higher, the fungus penetrated less and had greater difficulty in colonizing. Mattei et al (2015) observed that the hatching of M. javanica eggs was reduced in the presence of Si. In the tomato, a possible deposit of silicon in the root epidermis may have inhibited both the penetration of nematodes and their reproduction inside the cells.…”

“…Wang et al (2017). For nematodes, success has been shown for M. javanica in bananas (Oliveira et al, 2012), rice, beans and soybeans (Mattei et al, 2015), for M. incognita in tomatoes (Melo et al, 2012), and for Enneothrips flavens Moulton 1941 in peanuts (Dalastra et al, 2011), among others.…”

Biological nematicides associated with biofertilizers in the management of Pratylenchus zeae in sugarcane

“…Biofertilizers are composed of macro and micronutrients, which can act in an indirect way, causing changes in the cell wall, making it thicker and lignified (Wang et al, 2003;Lenz et al, 2011), also having straight action in nematodes, as evidenced for root-knot nematodes (El-Nagdi & Fattah, 2011;Mattei & Dias-Arieira, 2015). Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of biological nematicides, and the possible interaction with biofertilizers, in controling P. zeae in sugarcane crops.…”