Differences in elbow extensor muscle characteristics between resistance-trained men and women

Abstract

Sex differences in isometric elbow extensor strength are eliminated when expressed relative to muscle volume. Relationships of echo intensity and body fat were different between men and women and may be indicative of greater adipose infiltration in women.

The Usefulness of an Alternative Diagnostic Method for Sarcopenia Using Thickness and Echo Intensity of Lower Leg Muscles in Older Males

“…Indeed, most of the previous papers showing the relationship between the MT or EI and muscle mass or functions focused on either gender, 15,22e24 and a few reports showed the gender difference. 26,31 In this study, we performed the similar analyses for female subjects (n ¼ 60), only the MT of the TA was associated with sarcopenia (OR w4.09, 95% CI 1.18-14.16, P<.05), not the MT of the GA and SOL, the EI or MT/EI of the 3 lower leg muscles (data not shown). Merrigan et al showed that the relationship between the EI of upper limb muscles and body fat was different in male (negative correlation) and female (positive correlation) because of the difference in adipose infiltration between male (n ¼ 15) and female (n ¼ 15).…”

“…Merrigan et al showed that the relationship between the EI of upper limb muscles and body fat was different in male (negative correlation) and female (positive correlation) because of the difference in adipose infiltration between male (n ¼ 15) and female (n ¼ 15). 31 Thus, we need further A B C Fig. 4.…”

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

“…There are five main muscle parameters described, namely muscle thickness, muscle cross-section area, pennation angle, fascicle length and echo-intensity. In this review four additional potential parameters are introduced: muscle volume [23], muscle stiffness assessed through elastography [24], contraction potential of a muscle by correlating the cross-sectional area in rest to the cross-sectional area in maximal contraction [25] and microcirculation of a muscle [26]. Some parameters are indicative of muscle quantity (muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and volume), and others are to be regarded as quantitative parameters (pennation angle, fascicle length, echo-intensity, muscle stiffness, contraction potential and micro-circulation).…”

A Comparison of Compound Set and Traditional Set Resistance Training in Women: Changes in Muscle Strength, Endurance, Quantity, and Architecture

“…Exclusion criteria also ensured all subjects were healthy nonsmokers, regularly menstruating, free from disease or debilitating conditions, and non-drug or steroid users. Markedly overweight with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27, underweight (BMI less than 19), and hypertensive individuals (blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic) were also excluded from the study. It was requested that subjects refrained from any additional resistance training and supplement use during the study, as well as maintenance of normal dietary habits.…”

“…Although greater PA may lead to decreased contractile forces placed on tendons, resistance training increases both PA and strength due to an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) [1]. However, it has been reported that females have smaller muscle size and lower pennation angles compared to males [19], thus making it difficult to assume the magnitude of muscle size and architecture changes would be similar between sexes. This has been noted in previous research that found no alteration in PA, despite increases in females' muscle size [31].…”