JAMDA jo u rn a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. j a m d a. c o m

We hypothesized that low‐intensity endurance exercise might be more effective in preventing cancer cachexia–induced muscle atrophy through both an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effects and to clarify the mechanism of low‐intensity endurance exercise on cancer cachexia–induced muscle atrophy. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (Cont), Cont plus exercise (Ex), AH130‐induced cancer cachexia (AH130), and AH130 plus Ex. Cancer cachexia was induced by intraperitoneal injections with AH130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells; we analyzed the changes in muscle mass and the gene and protein expression levels of major regulators or indicators of skeletal muscle protein degradation and synthesis pathway in the soleus muscles. Low‐intensity exercise inhibited the muscle mass loss through a suppression of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, increased hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and phosphorylated AMPK, and inhibited the deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the soleus muscle, which contributed to the prevention of cancer cachexia–induced muscle atrophy. These results suggest that low‐intensity exercise has the potential to become an effective therapeutic intervention for the prevention of cancer cachexia–induced muscle atrophy.—Tanaka, M., Sugimoto, K., Fujimoto, T., Xie, K., Takahashi, T., Akasaka, H., Kurinami, H., Yasunobe, Y., Matsumoto, T., Fujino, H., Rakugi, H. Preventive effects of low‐intensity exercise on cancer cachexia–induced muscle atrophy. FASEB J. 33, 7852–7862 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

Our findings suggest that aging increases the severity of OSA in elderly patients, even if they are physically active and neuropsychiatrically unimpaired. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 614-621.

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BackgroundThe assessment of muscle quality is expected to help predict the prognosis of sarcopenia and examine the response to intervention. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate approaches for determining muscle quantity and quality. We focused on the lower leg muscles and examined the relationship between the ultrasonographic assessments and the components of sarcopenia and muscle quality by comparing them with those of the quadriceps muscle (QFM).Methods47 physically healthy older participants aged 78.3 ± 6.0 years (53% male) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of the lower leg muscles and QFM were assessed with ultrasonography. Muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed, and lower leg muscle strength were measured. Muscle quality was calculated using a formula: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass.ResultsThe MTs and EIs of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and QFM were significantly associated with grip and leg strength. We observed a significant correlation in the MTs and EIs of the lower leg muscles and QFM. The EIs of the lower leg muscles and QFM showed significant negative correlations with muscle quality. In the multiple linear regression model, the EI of the TA and QFM was extracted as an independent factor of muscle quality (TA: β = −0.35, p = 0.0358; QFM: β = −0.30, p = 0.0327).ConclusionsThe ultrasonographic assessments of the lower leg muscles, especially the TA, were associated with sarcopenia components and muscle quality equal to or greater than those of the QFM.